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Java文件流关闭和垃圾回收机制

2020-05-25 11:09lqh JAVA教程

本文是关于Java IO文件流和垃圾回收问题,一个小的测试程序搞清楚Java IO的问题,希望能帮助有需要的小伙伴

1.先看以下一段代码

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import java.io.FileInputStream;
public class TTT {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final String threadId = "thread_" + i;
            Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(threadId + " started!");
                    try {
                        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/opt/test.log");
                        Thread.sleep(60 * 1000);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(threadId + " stopped!");
                }
            });
            thread.start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(10 * 60 * 1000);
    }
}

2.在linux上编译并运行这个类,然后使用linux的命令/usr/sbin/lsof -p <pid>来查看这个程序打开的文件信息

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$ /usr/sbin/lsof -p `ps -ef | grep java | grep TTT | awk '{print $2}'` | grep "test.log"
java 21562 fkong 3r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 4r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 5r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 6r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 7r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 8r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 9r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 10r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 11r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log
java 21562 fkong 12r REG 253,0 0 35471424 /opt/test.log

不管是在10个线程运行过程中还是运行完,使用lsof命令查看的结果都一样,都可以看到有10个文件流没有关闭。

3.下面我把这个代码做了一些改动,就是在线程执行完之后,将所有线程置为null,如下

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import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class TTT {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final String threadId = "thread_" + i;
            Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(threadId + " started!");
                    try {
                        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/opt/test.log");
                        Thread.sleep(60 * 1000);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(threadId + " stopped!");
                }
            });
            thread.start();
            threads.add(thread);
        }
        Thread.sleep(2 * 60 * 1000);
        for (Thread thread : threads) {
            thread = null;
        }
        System.out.println("Clean up threads!");
        Thread.sleep(10 * 60 * 1000);
    }
}

再次在10个线程运行过程中和运行完毕后使用lsof查看,结果仍然类似,还是有10个文件流没有关闭。

我再次做了一些改动,在将所有线程置为null以后,增加(或者说是催促JVM)做几次gc操作,如下:

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import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class TTT {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final String threadId = "thread_" + i;
            Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(threadId + " started!");
                    try {
                        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/opt/test.log");
                        Thread.sleep(60 * 1000);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(threadId + " stopped!");
                }
            });
            thread.start();
            threads.add(thread);
        }
        Thread.sleep(2 * 60 * 1000);
        for (Thread thread : threads) {
            thread = null;
        }
        System.out.println("Clean up threads!");
        
        System.gc();
        System.gc();
        System.gc();
        System.out.println("Finished GC!");
        
        Thread.sleep(10 * 60 * 1000);
    }
}

再次使用lsof查看,在运行中仍然还是可以看到那有10个文件流打开着,但是在“Finished GC!”之后,看到的结果是那10个打开的文件流都被关闭了。

最后,我干脆把那些设置thread为null的语句删除了,运行的结果也和上面执行gc操作的结果一致。

最终,JVM中对于那些打开了没有关闭的IO文件流,会在不再被使用的情况下,等到下次做Full GC的时候把他们全部回收,但是让JVM去干这些事总归还是不好的,还是那句老话,自己的事情自己做。

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