准备工作
先在VS2012上编译一个winform，代码如下：
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using System;using System.Windows.Forms;namespace FormsTest{static class Program{/// <summary>/// 应用程序的主入口点。/// </summary>[STAThread]static void Main(){Application.EnableVisualStyles();Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);Application.Run(new Form());}}} |
尝试在ubuntu上用mono运行：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd Desktop/nike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ lsFormsTest.exenike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ mono FormsTest.exeUnhandled Exception:System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI ---> System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Drawing.GDIPlus ---> System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.soat (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Drawing.GDIPlus:GdiplusStartup (ulong&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupInput&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupOutput&)at System.Drawing.GDIPlus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at System.Drawing.Graphics.FromHdcInternal (IntPtr hdc) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.SetDisplay (IntPtr display_handle) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11..ctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.GetInstance () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at FormsTest.Program.Main () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0[ERROR] FATAL UNHANDLED EXCEPTION: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI ---> System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for System.Drawing.GDIPlus ---> System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.soat (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Drawing.GDIPlus:GdiplusStartup (ulong&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupInput&,System.Drawing.GdiplusStartupOutput&)at System.Drawing.GDIPlus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at System.Drawing.Graphics.FromHdcInternal (IntPtr hdc) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.SetDisplay (IntPtr display_handle) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11..ctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUIX11.GetInstance () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at System.Windows.Forms.XplatUI..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at System.Windows.Forms.Application.EnableVisualStyles () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0at FormsTest.Program.Main () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 |
遇到错误了System.DllNotFoundException: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so，原因是如果要在ubuntu运行winform，那么必须要安装libgdiplus。
下载libgdiplus并编译
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nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd srcnike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ wget http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2--2014-03-27 22:46:40-- http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2Resolving download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)... 54.230.157.116, 54.230.157.204, 54.230.158.216, ...Connecting to download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)|54.230.157.116|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 2074317 (2.0M) [application/x-bzip2]Saving to: ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2' 100%[======================================>] 2,074,317 224KB/s in 9.5s 2014-03-27 22:46:54 (213 KB/s) - ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2' saved [2074317/2074317] nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ lslibgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 mono-3.2.8 mono-3.2.8.tar.bz2nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ tar -xvjf libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2nike@NIKE-PC:~/src$ cd libgdiplus-2.10.9/nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8==============>省略了很多<==============checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for BASE_DEPENDENCIES... noconfigure: error: Package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.2.3) were not met:No package 'glib-2.0' foundConsider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables BASE_DEPENDENCIES_CFLAGSand BASE_DEPENDENCIES_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details. |
遇到错误了，需要安装libglib2.0-dev：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-devReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneThe following extra packages will be installed:libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-devSuggested packages:libglib2.0-docThe following NEW packages will be installed:libglib2.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-devThe following packages will be upgraded:libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin2 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 273 not upgraded.Need to get 2,728 kB of archives.After this operation, 9,208 kB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue [Y/n]?==============>省略了很多<============== |
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8==============>省略了很多<==============checking for libpng14... checking for libpng12... nochecking for png_read_info in -lpng... noconfigure: error: *** libpng12 not found. See http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html. |
又遇到错误了，需要安装libpng-dev：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev |
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8==============>省略了很多<==============./configure: line 13371: test: too many argumentsconfigure: error: "Failed to compile with X11/Xlib.h include. You must fix your compiler paths" |
提示错误，需要安装libx11-dev：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libx11-dev |
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8==============>省略了很多<==============configure: error: Cairo requires at least one font backend.Please install freetype and fontconfig, then try again:http://freetype.org/ http://fontconfig.org/configure: error: ./configure failed for cairo |
需要安装freetype和fontconfig：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-devnike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install fontconfignike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev |
重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8==============>省略了很多<==============Configuration summary * Installation prefix = /opt/mono-3.2.8* Cairo = 1.6.4 (internal)* Text = cairo* EXIF tags = No. Get it from http://libexif.sourceforge.net/* Codecs supported: - TIFF: no (Get it from http://www.libtiff.org/)- JPEG: no (Get it from http://freshmeat.net/projects/libjpeg)- GIF: no (See http://sourceforge.net/projects/libgif)- PNG: yes NOTE: if any of the above say 'no' you may install thecorresponding development packages for them, rerunautogen.sh to include them in the build.nike@NIKE-PC: |
./configure通过。
编译安装源代码
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ makemake all-recursivemake[1]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9'Making all in pixmanmake[2]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman'make all-recursivemake[3]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman'Making all in pixmanmake[4]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman/pixman'/bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -g -O2 -Wall -fvisibility=hidden -MT pixman-access.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/pixman-access.Tpo -c -o pixman-access.lo pixman-access.c../libtool: line 852: X--tag=CC: command not found |
遇到错误了，通过google搜索，可能是因为在项目目录下生成的libtool脚本中定义了$ECHO变量，但是在脚本文件ltmain.sh中，使用的却是$echo（生成的libtool版本太旧） 解决方法很简单export echo=echo即可：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ export echo=echonike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make==============>省略了很多<==============make[2]: Entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests'/bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o testgdi testgdi.o ../src/libgdiplus.la -lpthread -lfontconfiglibtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o .libs/testgdi testgdi.o ../src/.libs/libgdiplus.so -lpthread -lfontconfig -pthread -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/usr/bin/ld: testgdi.o: undefined reference to symbol 'g_print'/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command linecollect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statusmake[2]: *** [testgdi] Error 1make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests'make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9'make: *** [all] Error 2 |
编译时又出错了，解决办法为： 1.运行./configure后，编辑tests/Makefile文件 2.在Makefile文件130行位置，将LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig改为LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig -lglib-2.0 -lX11 3.再次运行make即可
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ vim tests/Makefilenike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make==============>编译很快<==============nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo make install==============>省略了很多<============== |
安装完成。
设置PATH环境变量
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nike@NIKE-PC:~/src/mono-3.2.8$ cd ~nike@NIKE-PC:~$ vim .bashrc |
在该文件末尾追加以下语句： export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib 然后：
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nike@NIKE-PC:~$ . .bashrcnike@NIKE-PC:~$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH/opt/mono-3.2.8/libnike@NIKE-PC:~$ |
验证libgdiplus是否安装成功
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nike@NIKE-PC:~$ cd Desktop/nike@NIKE-PC:~/Desktop$ mono FormsTest.exe |
运行成功。
