前言
最近手头一台运行在 Hyper-V 下面抓数据的服务器 (Ubuntu 16.04) 磁盘空间不够了,之前也没有把数据单独放到一个分区,所以只能想办法把根目录给搞大一点。之前没有处理过这样的问题,网上搜了很多资料,现在把拓展方法记录,分享出来。
建议在操作之前做好备份工作
步骤概览
- 调大物理磁盘
- 确定要操作的磁盘
- 扩展 LVM 逻辑分区所在的物理拓展分区
- 新增 LVM 逻辑分区
- 新分区合并到相应 Volumn Group
- 更新文件系统
调大物理磁盘
虚拟机关机,然后直接在虚拟机管理里面操作。
现在把磁盘从 100G 调整到了 300G
确定要操作的磁盘
先看下磁盘使用情况,运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 798M 8.6M 789M 2% /run /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root 94G 88G 1.9G 98% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 472M 382M 66M 86% /boot tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/lxcfs/controllers tmpfs 798M 0 798M 0% /run/user/0 |
虽然我们已经把物理磁盘调整到了 300G,但是根目录还是100G的样子,已用 98%
运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda : 300 GiB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type : dos Disk identifier: 0xa88f1366 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1001470 209713151 208711682 99.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 209713151 208711680 99.5G 8e Linux LVM Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root : 95.5 GiB, 102563315712 bytes, 200318976 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-swap_1 : 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes |
可以看到 /dev/sda 已经确实被调整到了300GiB,只是系统还没用到。
也知道了我们要操作 /dev/sda
扩大 LVM 逻辑分区所在的物理分区
运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # parted /dev/sda GNU Parted 3.2 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print # 查看分区 Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda : 322GB Sector size (logical /physical ): 512B /4096B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot 2 513MB 107GB 107GB extended 5 513MB 107GB 107GB logical lvm (parted) resizepart 2 # 调整 sda2 分区大小 End? [107GB]? -0 # 直接充满 (parted) print # 再次查看 Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda : 322GB Sector size (logical /physical ): 512B /4096B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary ext2 boot 2 513MB 322GB 322GB extended 5 513MB 107GB 107GB logical lvm (parted) q # 完成退出 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab . |
现在我们已经把 /dev/sda2 给拓展出来了
新增 LVM 逻辑分区
运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command . Command (m for help): p # 查看现在的分区情况 Disk /dev/sda : 300 GiB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type : dos Disk identifier: 0xa88f1366 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1001470 629145599 628144130 299.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 209713151 208711680 99.5G 8e Linux LVM Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): n # 新增分区,选择逻辑分区,起止点看情况输入,默认值是填充满整个磁盘 All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 6 First sector (209715200-629145599, default 209715200): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (209715200-629145599, default 629145599): Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 200 GiB. Command (m for help): p # 查看新增的分区 Disk /dev/sda : 300 GiB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type : dos Disk identifier: 0xa88f1366 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1001470 629145599 628144130 299.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 209713151 208711680 99.5G 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda6 209715200 629145599 419430400 200G 83 Linux Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): t # 改变分区类型为 Linux LVM Partition number (1,2,5,6, default 6): 6 # sda6 Partition type ( type L to list all types): 8e # LVM 类型的 Id 代码 Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' . Command (m for help): p # 再次查看分区情况 Disk /dev/sda : 300 GiB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical /physical ): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I /O size (minimum /optimal ): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type : dos Disk identifier: 0xa88f1366 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1001470 629145599 628144130 299.5G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1001472 209713151 208711680 99.5G 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda6 209715200 629145599 419430400 200G 8e Linux LVM Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): wq # 确认没有问题,保存退出 The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re- read partition table. Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8). |
新分区合并到相应 Volumn Group
运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Ubuntu System ID Format lvm2 |
可以看出我们要操作的VG Name 为 Ubuntu,记录下来。
接着运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # vgextend Ubuntu /dev/sda6 # /dev/sda6 是刚刚增加的 LVM 分区 Device /dev/sda6 not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda6' to volume group 'Ubuntu' . |
呃,,,提示没有找到 /dev/sda6 这个设备,还是重启一下好了。
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root@vm003:~ # reboot |
重启后再次执行
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root@vm003:~ # vgextend Ubuntu /dev/sda6 # /dev/sda6 是刚刚增加的 LVM 分区 Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created Volume group "Ubuntu" successfully extended |
再查看一下 Volumn Group 的状态,运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree Ubuntu 2 2 0 wz--n- 299.52g 200.00g |
确实加进去了。
然后运行
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root@vm003:~ # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/Ubuntu/root LV Name root VG Name Ubuntu |
我们知道了 Ubuntu VG 的 LV Path 是 /dev/Ubuntu/root,记录下来。
然后运行
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root@vm003:~ # lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/Ubuntu/root # /dev/Ubuntu/root 是 LV Path Size of logical volume Ubuntu /root changed from 95.52 GiB (24453 extents) to 295.52 GiB (75652 extents). Logical volume root successfully resized. |
这就成功啦。
警告: 如果操作时出现下面这样的 warning,就说明现在 logic volumn 的总大小还不对,resize 不但不增加空间,反而在缩小空间,如果继续操作下去,必将丢失数据。应立即停止!按 n 取消。
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 32.00 MiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce root? [y/n]*
更新文件系统
最后一步,运行命令
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root@vm003:~ # resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root # /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root 是从 df 命令看到的文件系统信息 resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Filesystem at /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 6, new_desc_blocks = 19 The filesystem on /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root is now 77467648 (4k) blocks long. |
这个过程可能会花几分钟时间,耐心等待就好了。
然后运行 df 命令查看磁盘使用
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root@vm003:~ # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 798M 8.6M 789M 2% /run /dev/mapper/Ubuntu-root 291G 88G 191G 32% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 472M 382M 66M 86% /boot tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/lxcfs/controllers tmpfs 798M 0 798M 0% /run/user/0 |
大功告成!
参考:
http://www.zzvips.com/article/230466.html
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接:https://juejin.im/post/5aed09c46fb9a07a9f016dd9