1 HTTP
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。
虽然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
一般的情况下我们都是使用Chrome或者其他浏览器来访问一个WEB服务器,用来浏览页面查看信息或者提交一些数据、文件上传下载等等。所访问的这些页面有的仅仅是一些普通的页面,有的需要用户登录后方可使用,或者需要认证以及是一些通过加密方式传输,例如HTTPS。目前我们使用的浏览器处理这些情况都不会构成问题。但是一旦我们有需求不通过浏览器来访问服务器的资源呢?那该怎么办呢?
下面以本地客户端发起文件的上传、下载为例做个小Demo。HttpClient有两种形式,一种是org.apache.http下的,一种是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
2 文件上传
文件上传可以使用两种方式实现,一种是PostMethod方式,一种是HttpPost方式。两者的处理大同小异。PostMethod是使用FileBody将文件包装流包装起来,HttpPost是使用FilePart将文件流包装起来。在传递文件流给服务端的时候,都可以同时传递其他的参数。
2.1 客户端处理
2.1.1 PostMethod方式
将文件封装到FilePart中,放入Part数组,同时,其他参数可以放入StringPart中,这里没有写,只是单纯的将参数以setParameter的方式进行设置。此处的HttpClient是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
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public void upload(String localFile){ File file = new File(localFile); PostMethod filePost = new PostMethod(URL_STR); HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); try { // 通过以下方法可以模拟页面参数提交 filePost.setParameter( "userName" , userName); filePost.setParameter( "passwd" , passwd); Part[] parts = { new FilePart(file.getName(), file) }; filePost.setRequestEntity( new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, filePost.getParams())); client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout( 5000 ); int status = client.executeMethod(filePost); if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { System.out.println( "上传成功" ); } else { System.out.println( "上传失败" ); } } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } finally { filePost.releaseConnection(); } } |
记得搞完之后,要通过releaseConnection释放连接。
2.1.2 HttpPost方式
这种方式,与上面类似,只不过变成了FileBody。上面的Part数组在这里对应HttpEntity。此处的HttpClient是org.apache.http.client.methods下的。
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public void upload(String localFile){ CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null ; CloseableHttpResponse response = null ; try { httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 把一个普通参数和文件上传给下面这个地址 是一个servlet HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(URL_STR); // 把文件转换成流对象FileBody FileBody bin = new FileBody( new File(localFile)); StringBody userName = new StringBody( "Scott" , ContentType.create( "text/plain" , Consts.UTF_8)); StringBody password = new StringBody( "123456" , ContentType.create( "text/plain" , Consts.UTF_8)); HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create() // 相当于<input type="file" name="file"/> .addPart( "file" , bin) // 相当于<input type="text" name="userName" value=userName> .addPart( "userName" , userName) .addPart( "pass" , password) .build(); httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity); // 发起请求 并返回请求的响应 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println( "The response value of token:" + response.getFirstHeader( "token" )); // 获取响应对象 HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); if (resEntity != null ) { // 打印响应长度 System.out.println( "Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); // 打印响应内容 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Charset.forName( "UTF-8" ))); } // 销毁 EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null ){ response.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { if (httpClient != null ){ httpClient.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
2.2 服务端处理
无论客户端是哪种上传方式,服务端的处理都是一样的。在通过HttpServletRequest获得参数之后,把得到的Item进行分类,分为普通的表单和File表单。
通过ServletFileUpload 可以设置上传文件的大小及编码格式等。
总之,服务端的处理是把得到的参数当做HTML表单进行处理的。
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public void processUpload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath); if (!uploadFile.exists()) { uploadFile.mkdirs(); } System.out.println( "Come on, baby ......." ); request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); response.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); //检测是不是存在上传文件 boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if (isMultipart){ DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); //指定在内存中缓存数据大小,单位为byte,这里设为1Mb factory.setSizeThreshold( 1024 * 1024 ); //设置一旦文件大小超过getSizeThreshold()的值时数据存放在硬盘的目录 factory.setRepository( new File( "D:\\temp" )); // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // 指定单个上传文件的最大尺寸,单位:字节,这里设为50Mb upload.setFileSizeMax( 50 * 1024 * 1024 ); //指定一次上传多个文件的总尺寸,单位:字节,这里设为50Mb upload.setSizeMax( 50 * 1024 * 1024 ); upload.setHeaderEncoding( "UTF-8" ); List<FileItem> items = null ; try { // 解析request请求 items = upload.parseRequest(request); } catch (FileUploadException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (items!= null ){ //解析表单项目 Iterator<FileItem> iter = items.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { FileItem item = iter.next(); //如果是普通表单属性 if (item.isFormField()) { //相当于input的name属性 <input type="text" name="content"> String name = item.getFieldName(); //input的value属性 String value = item.getString(); System.out.println( "属性:" + name + " 属性值:" + value); } //如果是上传文件 else { //属性名 String fieldName = item.getFieldName(); //上传文件路径 String fileName = item.getName(); fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( "/" ) + 1 ); // 获得上传文件的文件名 try { item.write( new File(uploadPath, fileName)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } response.addHeader( "token" , "hello" ); } |
服务端在处理之后,可以在Header中设置返回给客户端的简单信息。如果返回客户端是一个流的话,流的大小必须提前设置!
response.setContentLength((int) file.length());
3 文件下载
文件的下载可以使用HttpClient的GetMethod实现,还可以使用HttpGet方式、原始的HttpURLConnection方式。
3.1 客户端处理
3.1.1 GetMethod方式
此处的HttpClient是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
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public void downLoad(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); GetMethod get = null ; FileOutputStream output = null ; try { get = new GetMethod(URL_STR); get.setRequestHeader( "userName" , userName); get.setRequestHeader( "passwd" , passwd); get.setRequestHeader( "fileName" , remoteFileName); int i = client.executeMethod(get); if (SUCCESS == i) { System.out.println( "The response value of token:" + get.getResponseHeader( "token" )); File storeFile = new File(localFileName); output = new FileOutputStream(storeFile); // 得到网络资源的字节数组,并写入文件 output.write(get.getResponseBody()); } else { System.out.println( "DownLoad file occurs exception, the error code is :" + i); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (output != null ){ output.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } get.releaseConnection(); client.getHttpConnectionManager().closeIdleConnections( 0 ); } } |
3.1.2 HttpGet方式
此处的HttpClient是org.apache.http.client.methods下的。
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public void downLoad(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); OutputStream out = null ; InputStream in = null ; try { HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(URL_STR); httpGet.addHeader( "userName" , userName); httpGet.addHeader( "passwd" , passwd); httpGet.addHeader( "fileName" , remoteFileName); HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet); HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); in = entity.getContent(); long length = entity.getContentLength(); if (length <= 0 ) { System.out.println( "下载文件不存在!" ); return ; } System.out.println( "The response value of token:" + httpResponse.getFirstHeader( "token" )); File file = new File(localFileName); if (!file.exists()){ file.createNewFile(); } out = new FileOutputStream(file); byte [] buffer = new byte [ 4096 ]; int readLength = 0 ; while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0 ) { byte [] bytes = new byte [readLength]; System.arraycopy(buffer, 0 , bytes, 0 , readLength); out.write(bytes); } out.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (in != null ){ in.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { if (out != null ){ out.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
3.1.3 HttpURLConnection方式
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public void download3(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { FileOutputStream out = null ; InputStream in = null ; try { URL url = new URL(URL_STR); URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection(); HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection; // true -- will setting parameters httpURLConnection.setDoOutput( true ); // true--will allow read in from httpURLConnection.setDoInput( true ); // will not use caches httpURLConnection.setUseCaches( false ); // setting serialized httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty( "Content-type" , "application/x-java-serialized-object" ); // default is GET httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod( "POST" ); httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty( "connection" , "Keep-Alive" ); httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty( "Charsert" , "UTF-8" ); // 1 min httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout( 60000 ); // 1 min httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout( 60000 ); httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty( "userName" , userName); httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty( "passwd" , passwd); httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty( "fileName" , remoteFileName); // connect to server (tcp) httpURLConnection.connect(); in = httpURLConnection.getInputStream(); // send request to // server File file = new File(localFileName); if (!file.exists()){ file.createNewFile(); } out = new FileOutputStream(file); byte [] buffer = new byte [ 4096 ]; int readLength = 0 ; while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0 ) { byte [] bytes = new byte [readLength]; System.arraycopy(buffer, 0 , bytes, 0 , readLength); out.write(bytes); } out.flush(); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (in != null ){ in.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { if (out != null ){ out.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
3.2 服务端处理
尽管客户端的处理方式不同,但是服务端是一样的。
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public void processDownload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096 ; InputStream in = null ; OutputStream out = null ; System.out.println( "Come on, baby ......." ); try { request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); response.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); response.setContentType( "application/octet-stream" ); String userName = request.getHeader( "userName" ); String passwd = request.getHeader( "passwd" ); String fileName = request.getHeader( "fileName" ); System.out.println( "userName:" + userName); System.out.println( "passwd:" + passwd); System.out.println( "fileName:" + fileName); //可以根据传递来的userName和passwd做进一步处理,比如验证请求是否合法等 File file = new File(downloadPath + "\\" + fileName); response.setContentLength(( int ) file.length()); response.setHeader( "Accept-Ranges" , "bytes" ); int readLength = 0 ; in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(file), BUFFER_SIZE); out = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream()); byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE]; while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0 ) { byte [] bytes = new byte [readLength]; System.arraycopy(buffer, 0 , bytes, 0 , readLength); out.write(bytes); } out.flush(); response.addHeader( "token" , "hello 1" ); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); response.addHeader( "token" , "hello 2" ); } finally { if (in != null ) { try { in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } if (out != null ) { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { } } } } |
4 小结
HttpClient最基本的功能就是执行Http方法。一个Http方法的执行涉及到一个或者多个Http请求/Http响应的交互,通常这个过程都会自动被HttpClient处理,对用户透明。用户只需要提供Http请求对象,HttpClient就会将http请求发送给目标服务器,并且接收服务器的响应,如果http请求执行不成功,httpclient就会抛出异常。所以在写代码的时候注意finally的处理。
所有的Http请求都有一个请求列(request line),包括方法名、请求的URI和Http版本号。HttpClient支持HTTP/1.1这个版本定义的所有Http方法:GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE和OPTIONS。上面的上传用到了Post,下载是Get。
目前来说,使用org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient多一些。看自己了~
以上就是小编为大家带来的使用HttpClient实现文件的上传下载方法全部内容了,希望大家多多支持服务器之家~