XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX,另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < employees > < employee > < name >ddviplinux</ name > < sex >m</ sex > < age >30</ age > </ employee > </ employees > |
本文使用Java语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。
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/** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口 */ public interface XmlDocument { /** * 建立XML文档 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称 */ public void createXml(String fileName); /** * 解析XML文档 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称 */ public void parserXml(String fileName); } |
1.DOM生成和解析XML文档
为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构,然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操作;支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调入内存(包括无用的节点),浪费时间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU)。
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import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * DOM生成与解析XML文档 */ public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument { private Document document; private String fileName; public void init() { try { DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory .newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); this .document = builder.newDocument(); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void createXml(String fileName) { Element root = this .document.createElement( "employees" ); this .document.appendChild(root); Element employee = this .document.createElement( "employee" ); Element name = this .document.createElement( "name" ); name.appendChild( this .document.createTextNode( "丁宏亮" )); employee.appendChild(name); Element sex = this .document.createElement( "sex" ); sex.appendChild( this .document.createTextNode( "m" )); employee.appendChild(sex); Element age = this .document.createElement( "age" ); age.appendChild( this .document.createTextNode( "30" )); employee.appendChild(age); root.appendChild(employee); TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); try { Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer(); DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document); transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312" ); transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes" ); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter( new FileOutputStream(fileName)); StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw); transformer.transform(source, result); System.out.println( "生成XML文件成功!" ); } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (TransformerException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { try { DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = db.parse(fileName); NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < employees.getLength(); i++) { Node employee = employees.item(i); NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) { Node node = employeeInfo.item(j); NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes(); for ( int k = 0 ; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) { System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName() + ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent()); } } } System.out.println( "解析完毕" ); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (SAXException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } } |
2.SAX生成和解析XML文档
为解决DOM的问题,出现了SAX。SAX ,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调入整个文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少;
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import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * SAX文档解析 */ public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { System.out.println( "<<" +filename+ ">>" ); } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); try { SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { boolean hasAttribute = false ; Attributes attributes = null ; public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "文档开始打印了" ); } public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "文档打印结束了" ); } public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { if (qName.equals( "employees" )) { return ; } if (qName.equals( "employee" )) { System.out.println(qName); } if (attributes.getLength() > 0 ) { this .attributes = attributes; this .hasAttribute = true ; } } public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null )) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { System.out.println(attributes.getQName( 0 ) + attributes.getValue( 0 )); } } } public void characters( char [] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { System.out.println( new String(ch, start, length)); } } package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * SAX文档解析 */ public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { System.out.println( "<<" +filename+ ">>" ); } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); try { SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { boolean hasAttribute = false ; Attributes attributes = null ; public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "文档开始打印了" ); } public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println( "文档打印结束了" ); } public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { if (qName.equals( "employees" )) { return ; } if (qName.equals( "employee" )) { System.out.println(qName); } if (attributes.getLength() > 0 ) { this .attributes = attributes; this .hasAttribute = true ; } } public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null )) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { System.out.println(attributes.getQName( 0 ) + attributes.getValue( 0 )); } } } public void characters( char [] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { System.out.println( new String(ch, start, length)); } } |
3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML,特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。
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import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.Writer; import java.util.Iterator; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档 */ public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(); Element employees=document.addElement( "employees" ); Element employee=employees.addElement( "employee" ); Element name= employee.addElement( "name" ); name.setText( "ddvip" ); Element sex=employee.addElement( "sex" ); sex.setText( "m" ); Element age=employee.addElement( "age" ); age.setText( "29" ); try { Writer fileWriter= new FileWriter(fileName); XMLWriter xmlWriter= new XMLWriter(fileWriter); xmlWriter.write(document); xmlWriter.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { File inputXml= new File(fileName); SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); try { Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml); Element employees=document.getRootElement(); for (Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){ Element employee = (Element) i.next(); for (Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){ Element node=(Element) j.next(); System.out.println(node.getName()+ ":" +node.getText()); } } } catch (DocumentException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } System.out.println( "dom4j parserXml" ); } } |
4.JDOM生成和解析XML
为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文档。
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import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.JDOMException; import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder; import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * JDOM 生成与解析XML文档 * */ public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { Document document; Element root; root= new Element( "employees" ); document= new Document(root); Element employee= new Element( "employee" ); root.addContent(employee); Element name= new Element( "name" ); name.setText( "ddvip" ); employee.addContent(name); Element sex= new Element( "sex" ); sex.setText( "m" ); employee.addContent(sex); Element age= new Element( "age" ); age.setText( "23" ); employee.addContent(age); XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter(); try { XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName)); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXBuilder builder= new SAXBuilder( false ); try { Document document=builder.build(fileName); Element employees=document.getRootElement(); List employeeList=employees.getChildren( "employee" ); for ( int i= 0 ;iElement employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i); List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren(); for ( int j= 0 ;jSystem.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+ ":" +((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue()); } } } catch (JDOMException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。