本文主要介绍了java使用监听器实现一个统计网站在线人数的示例,具有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以了解一下。
(1)创建一个监听器实现类
要大致统计一个网站的在线人数,首先,可以通过ServletContextListener监听,当Web应用上下文启动时,在ServletContext中添加一个List,用来准备存放在线的用户名;然后,可以通过HttpSessionAttributeListener监听,当用户登录成功把用户名设置到Session中时同时将用户名存放到ServletContext中的List列表中;最后通过HttpSessionListener监听,当用户注销会话时将用户名从应用上下文范围中的List列表中删除。
所以,编写OnLineListener类实现ServletContextListener、HttpSessionAttributeListener、HttpSessionListener接口,具体代码如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
|
package com.web.servlet; import Java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener; //在线人数统计监听器实现类 public class OnlineListener implements ServletContextListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener { private ServletContext application = null ; public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) { //初始化一个application对象 this .application = arg0.getServletContext(); //设置一个列表属性,用于保存在想用户名 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , new LinkedList<String>()); } //往会话中添加属性时会回调的方法 public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { //取得用户名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>) this .application .getAttribute( "online" ); if ( "username" .equals(arg0.getName())) { //将当前用户名添加到列表中 online.add((String) arg0.getValue()); } //将添加后的列表重新设置到application属性中 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , online); } public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } //会话销毁时会回调的方法 public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) { //取得用户名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>) this .application .getAttribute( "online" ); //取得当前用户名 String username = (String) arg0.getSession().getAttribute( "username" ); //将此用户名从列表中删除 online.remove(username); //将删除后的列表重新设置到application属性中 this .application.setAttribute( "online" , online); } } |
(2)在web.xml中注册监听器
监听器实现好后,还需要在web.xml文件中进行注册才能起作用,只需要在web.xml中像如下添加元素即可
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
<!-- 注册一个监听器 --> < listener > <!-- 指定监听器实现类的全限定名 --> < listener-class > com.web.servlet.OnlineListener </ listener-class > </listener |
最后,我们创建几个Servlet来测试这个监听器实现的功能。
处理用户登录的Servlet类代码:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
|
package com.web.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; //处理用户登录的Servlet public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this .doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); //设置相应内容类型 String username= request.getParameter( "username" ); //获取请求参数中的用户名 //往session中添加属性,会触发HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法 if (username != null && !username.equals( "" )) { request.getSession().setAttribute( "username" ,username); } //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute( "online" ); response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=utf-8" ); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println( "<HTML>" ); out.println( " <HEAD><TITLE>用户列表</TITLE></HEAD>" ); out.println( " <BODY>" ); out.println( "当前用户是:" + username); out.print( " <hr/><h3>在线用户列表</h3>" ); int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < size; i++) { if (i > 0 ){ out.println( "<br/>" ); } out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i)); } //注意: 要对链接URL进行自动重写处理 out.println( "<hr/><a href=" / " mce_href=" / "" " + response.encodeURL(" logout ") + " / ">注销</a>" ); out.println( " </BODY>" ); out.println( "</HTML>" ); out.flush(); out.close(); } } |
处理用户登录Servlet的类代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
|
package com.web.servlet; import java.io.*; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.*; //处理用户注销会话的Servlet public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this .doPost(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.setCharacterEncoding( "utf-8" ); //销毁会话,会触发SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法 request.getSession().invalidate(); //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表 List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute( "online" ); response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=utf-8" ); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println( "<HTML>" ); out.println( " <HEAD><TITLE>用户列表</TITLE></HEAD>" ); out.println( " <BODY>" ); out.print( " <h3>在线用户列表</h3>" ); int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size(); for ( int i = 0 ; i < size; i++) { if (i > 0 ){ out.println( "<br/>" ); } out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i)); } out.println( "<hr/><a href=" / " mce_href=" / "" index.html/ ">主页</a>" ); out.println( " </BODY>" ); out.println( "</HTML>" ); out.flush(); out.close(); } } |
然后创建一个index.html文件,用来供用户登录,代码如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "content-type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" > < title >index.html</ title > </ head > < body > < form action = "login" method = "post" > 用户名:< input type = "text" name = "username" /> < input type = "submit" value = "登录" />< br />< br /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
把WEB部署到Tomcat容器总,并启动。打开浏览器访问即可
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。