这里记录Java中从控制台读入信息的几种方式,已备后查!
(1)JDK 1.4(JDK 1.5和JDK 1.6也都兼容这种方法)
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public class TestConsole1 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole("Please input string:); System.out.println("The information from console: + str); } /** * Use InputStreamReader and System.in to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in)); String str = null ; try { System.out.print(prompt); str = br.readLine(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return str; } } |
(2)JDK 1.5(利用Scanner进行读取)
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public class TestConsole2 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole( "Please input string:" ); System.out.println( "The information from console:" + str); } /** * Use java.util.Scanner to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print(prompt); return scanner.nextLine(); } } |
Scanner还可以很方便的扫描文件,读取里面的信息并转换成你要的类型,比如对“2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done”这样的数据求和,见如下代码:
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public class TestConsole4 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { FileWriter fw = new FileWriter( "num.txt" ); fw.write( "2 2.2 3.3 3.33 4.5 done" ); fw.close(); System.out.println( "Sum is " +scanFileForSum( "num.txt" )); } public static double scanFileForSum(String fileName) throws IOException { double sum = 0.0 ; FileReader fr = null ; try { fr = new FileReader(fileName); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(fr); while (scanner.hasNext()) { if (scanner.hasNextDouble()) { sum = sum + scanner.nextDouble(); } else { String str = scanner.next(); if (str.equals( "done" )) { break ; } else { throw new RuntimeException( "File Format is wrong!" ); } } } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException( "File " + fileName + " not found!" ); } finally { if (fr != null ) fr.close(); } return sum; } } |
(3)JDK 1.6(利用java.io.Console进行读取)
JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备.
你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳.(类似System.in和System.out)
但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用.
如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实例。
在使用 IDE 的情况下,是无法获取到Console实例的,原因在于在 IDE 的环境下,重新定向了标准输入和输出流,也是就是将系统控制台上的输入输出重定向到了 IDE 的控制台中
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public class TestConsole3 { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = readDataFromConsole( "Please input string:" ); System.out.println( "The information from console:" + str); } /** * Use java.io.console to read data from console * * @param prompt * * @return input string */ private static String readDataFromConsole(String prompt) { Console console = System.console(); if (console == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Console is not available!" ); } return console.readLine(prompt); } } |
Console类还有个特色就是,专门对密码(输入无回显)等安全字符,进行了处理。专门提供 readPassword()方法,具体应用见如下代码:
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public class TestConsole5 { public static void main(String[] args) { Console console = System.console(); if (console == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Console is not available!" ); } while ( true ){ String username = console.readLine( "Username: " ); char [] password = console.readPassword( "Password: " ); if (username.equals( "Chris" ) && String.valueOf(password).equals( "GoHead" )) { console.printf( "Welcome to Java Application %1$s.\n" , username); // 使用后应立即将数组清空,以减少其在内存中占用的时间,增强安全性 password = null ; System.exit(- 1 ); } else { console.printf( "Invalid username or password.\n" ); } } } } |
以上就是小编为大家带来的Java从控制台读入数据的几种方法总结的全部内容了,希望对大家有所帮助,多多支持服务器之家~