一、依赖注入(DI)
依赖注入听起来很高深的样子,其实白话就是:给属性赋值。一共有两种方法,第一是以构造器参数的形式,另外一种就是以setting方法的形式。
1 构造器注入
1 使用构造器注入
使用xml的注入方式
A. 通过参数的顺序
<constructor-arg index="0"><value>张三</value></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1"><value>56</value></constructor-arg>
B. 通过参数的类型
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer"><value>56</value></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String"><value>张三</value></constructor-arg>
具体实例
假如现在要对一个Person类注入参数,Student是一个另外一个类。
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public class Person { private String pid; private String name; private Student student; public Person(String pid, Student student){ this .pid= pid; this .student = student; } public Person(String pid, String name){ this .pid = pid; this .name = name; } } |
配置applicationContext.xml,假如不进行参数配置,则报错,找不到相应的构造器。配置了相应的参数,则应在类中声明相应的构造函数。
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> < bean id = "person" class = "com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Person" > <!-- 不配参数,将会采取默认的构造器 constructor-arg person类中某一个构造器的某一个参数 index 为参数的角标 type 参数的类型 value 如果为基础属性,则用这个赋值 ref 引用类型赋值 --> < constructor-arg index = "0" type = "java.lang.String" value = "aaa" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg index = "1" ref = "student" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > < bean id = "person1" class = "com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Person" > < property name = "pid" value = "1" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "student" class = "com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Student" ></ bean > </ beans > |
编写测试类DIXMLConstructorTest ,进行断点调试,将会发现根据配置的参数,进入的构造函数是Person(String pid, Student student)
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public class DIXMLConstructorTest { @Test public void test1(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Person person = (Person) context.getBean( "person" ); } } |
2 使用属性setter方法进行注入
使用xml的注入方式:
A. 简单Bean的注入
简单Bean包括两种类型:包装类型和String
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< bean id = "personService" class = "com.itcast.bean.impl.PersonServiceImpl" > <!-- 基本类型,string类型 --> < property name = "age" value = "20" ></ property > < property name = "name" value = "张无忌" ></ property > </ bean > |
B. 引用其他Bean
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< bean id = "person" class = "com.itcast.bean.Person" /> < bean id = "personService" class = "com.itcast.bean.impl.PersonServiceImpl" > < property name = "person" ref = "person" /> </ bean > |
1.1 装配list集合
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< property name = "lists" > < list > < value >list1</ value > < value >list2</ value > < ref bean = "person" /> </ list > </ property > |
1.2 装配set集合
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< property name = "sets" > < set > < value >list1</ value > < value >list2</ value > < ref bean = "person" /> </ set > </ property > |
1.3 装配map
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< property name = "maps" > < map > < entry key = "01" > < value >map01</ value > </ entry > < entry key = "02" > < value >map02</ value > </ entry > </ map > </ property > |
map中的<entry>的数值和<list>以及<set>的一样,可以使任何有效的属性元素,需要注意的是key值必须是String的。
1.4 装配Properties
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< property name = "props" > < props > < prop key = "01" >prop1</ prop > < prop key = "02" >prop2</ prop > </ props > </ property > |
具体实例
1.创建两个对象Person和Student
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package xgp.spring.demo; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Set; public class Person { private String pid; private String name; private Student student; private List lists; private Set sets; private Map map; private Properties properties; private Object[] objects; public Person(){ System.out.println( "new person" ); } //省略getter和setter方法 } |
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package xgp.spring.demo; public class Student { public Student(){ System.out.println( "new student" ); } public void say(){ System.out.println( "student" ); } } |
配置applicationContext.xml文件
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <!-- 把person和student放入到spring容器中 property 用来描述Person类的属性 value 如果是一般属性,则用value赋值 ref 如果该属性是引用类型,用ref赋值 --> < bean id = "person" class = "com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.setter.Person" init-method = "init" lazy-init = "true" > < property name = "pid" value = "1" ></ property > < property name = "name" value = "王二麻子" ></ property > < property name = "student" ref = "student" ></ property > < property name = "lists" > < list > < value >list1</ value > < value >list2</ value > < ref bean = "student" /> </ list > </ property > < property name = "sets" > < set > < value >set1</ value > < value >set2</ value > < ref bean = "student" /> </ set > </ property > < property name = "map" > < map > < entry key = "entry1" > < value >map1</ value > </ entry > < entry key = "entry2" > < ref bean = "student" /> </ entry > </ map > </ property > < property name = "properties" > < props > <!-- 不需要引用类型 --> < prop key = "prop1" >prop1</ prop > < prop key = "prop2" >prop2</ prop > </ props > </ property > < property name = "objects" > < list > < value >aa</ value > < value >bb</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > < bean id = "student" class = "com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.setter.Student" ></ bean > </ beans > |
编写测试类DIXMLSetterTest
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package xgp.spring.test; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import xgp.spring.demo.Person; public class DIXMLSetterTest { /** * spring 容器做的事情: * 1、spring容器做了什么?(1)启动spring容器 * (2)为person和student两个bean创建对象 * (3)解析property的name属性,拼接setter方法,解析property的 * value或者ref属性,给setter方法传递参数,利用反射技术给对象赋值。 * (4)从spring容器中,把对象提取出来,对象调用方法。 * 2、spring容器执行顺序是什么? */ @Test public void test1(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Person person = (Person) context.getBean( "person" ); System.out.println(person.getPid()); System.out.println(person.getName()); System.out.println(person.getLists()); System.out.println(person.getSets()); System.out.println(person.getMap()); System.out.println(person.getObjects().length); } } /*1 王五 [list1, list2, xgp.spring.demo.Student@76a9b9c] [set1, set2, xgp.spring.demo.Student@76a9b9c] {entry1=map1, entry2=map2} 2*/ |
spring容器的执行顺序
1.都是默认设置
2.设置student(lazy-init=true)
3.设置person(lazy-init=true)
总结
可以采用两种方法注入参数,构造器要写对应的构造函数,setter要生成相应的setter方法,并编写默认的构造器。
2.5 IOC与DI的意义
学了这些,发现有什么意义?下面写个文档管理系统例子来说明,需求见下图
1.编写Document 接口
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public interface Document { public void read(); public void write(); } |
2、编写实现类WordDocument ,ExcelDocument ,PDFDocument
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public class WordDocument implements Document{ public void read() { System.out.println( "word read" ); } public void write() { System.out.println( "word write" ); } } |
3、编写文档管理 系统 DocumentManager
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public class DocumentManager { private Document document; public void setDocument(Document document) { this .document = document; } public DocumentManager(){ } public DocumentManager(Document document) { super (); this .document = document; } public void read(){ this .document.read(); } public void write(){ this .document.write(); } } |
4、编写测试类DocumentTest
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/** * 利用ioc和di能做到完全的面向接口编程 * */ public class DocumentTest { /** * Document document = new WordDocument(); * 这行代码是不完全的面向接口编程,因为等号的右边出现了具体的类 */ @Test public void testDocument_NOSPRING(){ Document document = new WordDocument(); DocumentManager documentManager = new DocumentManager(document); documentManager.read(); documentManager.write(); } /** * 在代码端不知道Document是由谁来实现的,这个是由spring的配置文件决定的 * <bean id="documentManager" class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.DocumentManager"> <!-- document为一个接口 --> <property name="document"> <!-- wordDocument是一个实现类,赋值给了document接口 --> <ref bean="pdfDocument"/> </property> </bean> */ @Test public void testDocument_Spring(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); DocumentManager documentManager =(DocumentManager)context.getBean( "documentManager" ); documentManager.read(); documentManager.write(); } } |
从上面可以看出不适用spring和适用spring的区别
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<!-- documentManager,wordDocument,excelDocument,pdfDocument放入到spring容器中 --> < bean id = "wordDocument" class = "com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.WordDocument" ></ bean > < bean id = "excelDocument" class = "com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.ExcelDocument" ></ bean > < bean id = "pdfDocument" class = "com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.PDFDocument" ></ bean > < bean id = "documentManager" class = "com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.DocumentManager" > <!-- document为一个接口 --> < property name = "document" > <!-- wordDocument是一个实现类,赋值给了document接口 --> < ref bean = "pdfDocument" /> </ property > </ bean > |
使用spring只需要在applicationContext中配置相应的<ref bean="">对象,而不需要关注具体的实现类,实现完全的面向接口编程,这也是为什么spring能够和这么多工具集成的原因。
2.6 mvc实例–模拟structs2
需求描述
建立工程目录
编码:
1、创建Dao层
建立PersonDao接口和实现类PersonDaoImpl
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public interface PersonDao { public void savePerson(); } public class PersonDaoImpl implements PersonDao { @Override public void savePerson() { System.out.println( " save person" ); } } |
2、建立service层,PersonService接口与PersonServiceImpl实现类
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public interface PersonService { public void savePerson(); } public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService{ private PersonDao personDao; public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) { this .personDao = personDao; } @Override public void savePerson() { this .personDao.savePerson(); } } |
3、建立Action,PersonAction类
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public class PersonAction { private PersonService personService; public void setPersonService(PersonService personService) { this .personService = personService; } public void savePerson(){ this .personService.savePerson(); } } |
4、配置applicationContext.xml
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<!-- 把service,dao,action层的类放入到spring容器中 --> < bean id = "personDao" class = "xgp.spring.demo.PersonDaoImpl" ></ bean > < bean id = "personService" class = "xgp.spring.demo.PersonServiceImpl" > < property name = "personDao" > < ref bean = "personDao" /> </ property > </ bean > < bean id = "personAction" class = "xgp.spring.demo.PersonAction" > < property name = "personService" > < ref bean = "personService" /> </ property > </ bean > |
5、编写测试类testMVC
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public class MVCTest { @Test public void testMVC(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); PersonAction personAction = (PersonAction)context.getBean( "personAction" ); personAction.savePerson(); //save person } } |
上述实例很清楚的展现出了spring的面向接口编程,service层只需调用dao层的接口,而不需要关注于dao层的实现类,action也只需调用service的接口,而不需要关注service的实现类。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/i10630226/article/details/50507100