复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用<composite-id>标签,该标签是指将一个类指定为相应的复合主键,它的name属性需要指定类文件中定义的属性值,并在该标签中添加<key-property>子标签。
Note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口Serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。
复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:
1、类文件
这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为FiscalYearPeriod和FiscalYearPeriodPK,其中FiscalYearPeriodPK类封装表的主键属性,FiscalYearPeriod类封装其它属性以及FiscalYearPeriodPK类。
1.1 FiscalYearPeriod.java
类中封装有基本的属性,并把FiscalYearPeriodPK类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:
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package com.src.hibernate; import java.sql.Date; public class FiscalYearPeriod { //时间主键 private FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK; public FiscalYearPeriodPK getFiscalYearPeriodPK() { return fiscalYearPeriodPK; } public void setFiscalYearPeriodPK(FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalYearPeriodPK) { this .fiscalYearPeriodPK = fiscalYearPeriodPK; } //开始日期 private Date beginDate; public Date getBeginDate() { return beginDate; } public void setBeginDate(Date beginDate) { this .beginDate = beginDate; } //结束日期 private Date endDate; public Date getEndDate() { return endDate; } public void setEndDate(Date endDate) { this .endDate = endDate; } //阶段时间 private String periodSts; public String getPeriodSts() { return periodSts; } public void setPeriodSts(String periodSts) { this .periodSts = periodSts; } } |
1.2 FiscalYearPeriodPK.java
封装主键属性,该类是从FiscalYearPeriod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口Serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中<composite-id>标签中要指定该类,代码如下:
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package com.src.hibernate; import java.io.Serializable; public class FiscalYearPeriodPK implements Serializable { //年限 private int fiscalYear; public int getFiscalYear() { return fiscalYear; } public void setFiscalYear( int fiscalYear) { this .fiscalYear = fiscalYear; } //持续时间 private int fiscalPeriod; public int getFiscalPeriod() { return fiscalPeriod; } public void setFiscalPeriod( int fiscalPeriod) { this .fiscalPeriod = fiscalPeriod; } } |
2、配置文件
这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用<composite-id>标签,所以只需要为FiscalYearPeriod类添加映射即可,在该映射文件中添加对应复合主键标签,并在标签中添加对应的主键属性,如下代码:
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<? xml version = "1.0" ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> < hibernate-mapping > < class name = "com.src.hibernate.FiscalYearPeriod" table = "t_fiscal_year_period_pk" > < composite-id name = "fiscalYearPeriodPK" > < key-property name = "fiscalYear" ></ key-property > < key-property name = "fiscalPeriod" ></ key-property > </ composite-id > < property name = "beginDate" type = "date" /> < property name = "endDate" type = "date" /> < property name = "periodSts" /> </ class > </ hibernate-mapping > |
将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:
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drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalYear integer not null , fiscalPeriod integer not null , beginDate date , endDate date , periodSts varchar (255), primary key (fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod)) |
对应的表结构如下图:
3、数据操作
相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为Transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将FiscalYearPeriod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。
3.1 写入操作
写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:
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public void testSave1(){ //声明会话对象 Session session= null ; try { //获取会话对象 session=HibernateUtils.getSession(); //开启会话 session.beginTransaction(); //创建复合对象 FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk= new FiscalYearPeriodPK(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod( 2014 ); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear( 2012 ); //创建对象 FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod= new FiscalYearPeriod(); fiscalyearperiod.setFiscalYearPeriodPK(fiscalyearperiodpk); session.save(fiscalyearperiod); //提交会话 session.getTransaction().commit(); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); session.getTransaction().rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } |
执行相应的测试方法,生成的SQL语句如下:
Hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (beginDate, endDate, periodSts, fiscalYear, fiscalPeriod) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
相应的数据库视图:
3.2 加载操作
相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:
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public void testLoad1(){ //声明会话对象 Session session= null ; try { //获取会话对象 session=HibernateUtils.getSession(); //开启会话 session.beginTransaction(); //创建复合对象 FiscalYearPeriodPK fiscalyearperiodpk= new FiscalYearPeriodPK(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalPeriod( 2014 ); fiscalyearperiodpk.setFiscalYear( 2012 ); FiscalYearPeriod fiscalyearperiod=(FiscalYearPeriod)session.load(FiscalYearPeriod. class ,fiscalyearperiodpk); System.out.println( "开始日期: " +fiscalyearperiod.getBeginDate()); //提交会话 session.getTransaction().commit(); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); session.getTransaction().rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } |
生成的结果,如下:
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Hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear as fiscalYear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod as fiscalPe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.beginDate as beginDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.endDate as endDate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodSts as periodSts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalYear=? and fiscalyear0_.fiscalPeriod=? 开始日期: 2013-10-12 |
4、综合示例
一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositePK),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empCount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:
4.1 目标类:Department.java
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public class Department { /** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */ //private String area; //private String name; /**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/ private DepartmentPK departmentPK; private int empCount; private Date birthday; // public String getArea() { // return area; // } // // public void setArea(String area) { // this.area = area; // } // // public String getName() { // return name; // } // // public void setName(String name) { // this.name = name; // } public int getEmpCount() { return empCount; } public void setEmpCount( int empCount) { this .empCount = empCount; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this .birthday = birthday; } public DepartmentPK getDepartmentPK() { return departmentPK; } public void setDepartmentPK(DepartmentPK departmentPK) { this .departmentPK = departmentPK; } } |
4.2主键类:DepartmentPK.java
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public class DepartmentPK implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -288002855915204255L; private String area; private String name; /** * 覆盖hashCode方法(根据area和name判断) */ //@Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31 ; int result = 1 ; result = prime * result + ((area == null ) ? 0 : area.hashCode()); result = prime * result + ((name == null ) ? 0 : name.hashCode()); return result; } /** * 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断) */ @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if ( this == obj) return true ; if (obj == null ) return false ; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false ; final DepartmentPK other = (DepartmentPK) obj; if (area == null ) { if (other.area != null ) return false ; } else if (!area.equals(other.area)) return false ; if (name == null ) { if (other.name != null ) return false ; } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) return false ; return true ; } public String getArea() { return area; } public void setArea(String area) { this .area = area; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } } |
4.3 映射文件Department.hbm.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> < hibernate-mapping > < class name = "com.yangfei.hibernate.compositePk.entity.Department" table = "hibernate_dept_compositePK" > <!-- 联合主键 --> <!-- name指的是主键对象属性 --> < composite-id name = "departmentPK" > <!-- 这里是主键关联属性 --> < key-property name = "area" /> < key-property name = "name" /> </ composite-id > <!-- 其它属性 --> < property name = "empCount" length = "4" /> < property name = "birthday" type = "date" /> </ class > </ hibernate-mapping > |
4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
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<? xml version = '1.0' encoding = 'UTF-8' ?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. --> < hibernate-configuration > < session-factory > < property name = "dialect" >org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</ property > < property name = "connection.url" >jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10</ property > < property name = "connection.username" >scott</ property > < property name = "connection.password" >yf123</ property > < property name = "connection.driver_class" >oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</ property > < property name = "hibernate.show_sql" >true</ property > < mapping resource = "com/yangfei/hibernate/compositePk/entity/Department.hbm.xml" /> </ session-factory > </ hibernate-configuration > |
4.5测试类:DepartmentTest.java
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public class DepartmentTest extends TestCase { /** * 测试插入数据 */ public void save() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { Department dept = new Department(); /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea( "北京" ); deptPK.setName( "研发部" ); dept.setDepartmentPK(deptPK); dept.setEmpCount( 100 ); dept.setBirthday( new Date()); session.save(dept); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试加载数据 */ public void load() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea( "北京" ); deptPK.setName( "研发部" ); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department. class , deptPK); System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+ "," +dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+ "," +dept.getEmpCount()+ "," +dept.getBirthday()); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试修改数据 */ public void update() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea( "北京" ); deptPK.setName( "研发部" ); Department emp=(Department)session.load(Department. class , deptPK); System.out.println(emp.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+ "," +emp.getDepartmentPK().getName()+ "," +emp.getEmpCount()+ "," +emp.getBirthday()); emp.setEmpCount( 100 ); session.saveOrUpdate(emp); /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK2 = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK2.setArea( "北京" ); deptPK2.setName( "研发部" ); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department. class , deptPK2); System.out.println(dept.getDepartmentPK().getArea()+ "," +dept.getDepartmentPK().getName()+ "," +dept.getEmpCount()+ "," +dept.getBirthday()); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } /** * 测试删除数据 */ public void delete() { Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); Transaction t = session.beginTransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ DepartmentPK deptPK = new DepartmentPK(); deptPK.setArea( "北京" ); deptPK.setName( "研发部" ); Department dept=(Department)session.load(Department. class , deptPK); session.delete(dept); t.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { HibernateUtils.closeSession(session); } } } |