kaptcha是一个简单好用的验证码生成工具,通过配置,可以自己定义验证码大小、颜色、显示的字符等等。下面就来讲一下如何使用kaptcha生成验证码以及在服务器端取出验证码进行校验。
一、搭建测试环境
1.1、创建Web测试项目
新建一个Web项目,并将kaptcha-2.3.2.jar放在项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下,如下图所示:
1.2、在web.xml文件配置生成验证码的KaptchaServlet
KaptchaServlet的详细配置如下:
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <web-app version= "2.5" xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http: //java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http: //java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- kaptcha验证码配置 --> <servlet> <!-- 生成图片的Servlet --> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet- class >com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet- class > <!-- 是否有边框--> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name> <param-value>no</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 字体颜色 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</param-name> <param-value>red</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 图片宽度 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name> <param-value> 135 </param-value> </init-param> <!-- 使用哪些字符生成验证码 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer. char .string</param-name> <param-value>ACDEFHKPRSTWX345679</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 图片高度 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name> <param-value> 50 </param-value> </init-param> <!-- 字体大小 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</param-name> <param-value> 43 </param-value> </init-param> <!-- 干扰线的颜色 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.noise.color</param-name> <param-value>black</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 字符个数 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer. char .length</param-name> <param-value> 4 </param-value> </init-param> <!-- 使用哪些字体 --> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</param-name> <param-value>Arial</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <!-- 映射的url --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/Kaptcha.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> |
1.3、显示生成的验证码
在页面index.jsp显示验证码
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<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML> < html > < head > < title >显示KaptchaServlet生成的验证码</ title > < script type = "text/javascript" src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-1.9.1.js" ></ script > < script type = "text/javascript" > //点击切换验证码 function changeVerifyCode(){ $("#yzmImg").attr("src","Kaptcha.jpg?"+Math.floor(Math.random()*100)); } //提交 function doSubmit() { var verifyCodeValue = $("#verifyCode").val(); if(verifyCodeValue.replace(/\s/g,"") == "") { alert("请输入验证码"); }else { //提交前先异步检查验证码是否输入正确 var verifyUrl = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/VerifyServlet?verifyCode="+verifyCodeValue; $.ajax({ type:"GET", url:verifyUrl, success:function(returnData){ if(returnData!="Y") { alert("请输入正确的验证码!"); }else { //验证码正确,进行提交操作 alert("验证码输入正确,提交表单"); } }, error:function(e){ alert(e); } }); } } </ script > </ head > < body > < form > < table > < tr > < td > 请输入验证码: </ td > < td > < input type = "text" name = "verifyCode" id = "verifyCode" > < img src = "Kaptcha.jpg" onclick = "changeVerifyCode()" id = "yzmImg" style = "cursor: pointer;" > < a href = "javascript:void(0)" onclick = "changeVerifyCode()" >看不清,换一张</ a > </ td > </ tr > < tr > < td > </ td > < td > < input type = "button" value = "提交" onclick = "doSubmit()" > </ td > </ tr > </ table > </ form > </ body > </ html > |
运行效果如下图所示:
1.4、在服务器端验证提交的验证码
用户在form表单中提交了验证码之后,我们会在服务器端进行验证,编写一个VerifyServlet,代码如下:
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/** * */ package me.gacl.web.controller; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class VerifyServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType( "text/html;charaset=utf-8" ); response.setHeader( "pragma" , "no-cache" ); response.setHeader( "cache-control" , "no-cache" ); PrintWriter out = null ; try { //响应数据 String resultData; //获取传过来的验证码 String verifyCode = request.getParameter( "verifyCode" ); System.out.println( "verifyCode----" +verifyCode); if (verifyCode== "" ) { resultData = "N" ; } else { //获取kaptcha生成存放在session中的验证码 String kaptchaValue = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); //比较输入的验证码和实际生成的验证码是否相同 if (kaptchaValue == null || kaptchaValue == "" ||!verifyCode.equalsIgnoreCase(kaptchaValue)) { resultData = "N" ; } else { resultData = "Y" ; } } out = response.getWriter(); out.write(resultData); out.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (out != null ) { out.close(); } } } } |
在web.xml中注册VerifyServlet
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<!-- 检查验证码是否输入正确 --> < servlet > < servlet-name >VerifyServlet</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >me.gacl.web.controller.VerifyServlet</ servlet-class > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >VerifyServlet</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/servlet/VerifyServlet</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
运行结果如下:
1、验证码不输入
2、输入错误的验证码
3、输入正确的验证码
使用kaptcha生成验证码感觉挺不错的,非常好用和方便,希望大家可以熟练掌握。