前言
这篇文章主要是介绍一下Android Intent,并且从Android源码的角度对Intent查询匹配过程进行分析。
Intent介绍
Intent的中文是“意图”的意思,而意图是一个非常抽象的概念,那么在Android的编码设计中,如何实例化意图呢?因此Android系统明确指定一个Intent可由两方面属性来衡量。
主要属性:包括Action和Data。其中Action用于表示该Intent所表达的动作意图,Data用于表示该Action所操作的数据。
次要属性:包括Category、Type、Component和Extras。其中Category表示类别,Type表示数据的MIME类型,Component可用于指定特定的Intent的响应者(例如指定intent为某个包下的某个class类),Extras用于承载其他的信息。
Android系统中主要有两种类型的Intent,显示Intent(Explicit Intent)和隐式Intent(Implicit Intent)。
Explicit Intent:这类Intent明确指明了要找哪个Component。在代码中可以通过setClassName或者setComponent来锁定目标对象。
Implicit Intent:这类Intent不明确指明要启动哪个Component,而是设置Action、Data、Category让系统来筛选出合适的Component。
接下来,写两个代码示例,来介绍一下Explicit Intent和Implict Inent。首先是Explicit Intent:
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private void startExplicitIntentWithComponent() { Intent intent = new Intent(); ComponentName component = new ComponentName( "com.example.photocrop" , "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity" ); intent.setComponent(component); startActivity(intent); } private void startExplicitIntentWithClassName() { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setClassName( "com.example.photocrop" , "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity" ); startActivity(intent); } |
但是,从源码里面去看,发现setClassName也是借助了ComponentName实现了Explicit Intent。源码如下:
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public Intent setClassName(String packageName, String className) { mComponent = new ComponentName(packageName, className); return this ; } |
然后,在给出一个Implict Intent的代码示例。我这里用一个Activity标注一些Intent Filter为例,然后在写一个Intent用于启动它。
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<activity android:name= ".SendIntentType" > <intent-filter > <action android:name= "justtest" /> <category android:name= "justcategory" /> </intent-filter> </activity> |
在当前应用的AndroidManifest.xml中,给SendIntentType类增加了intent-filter,action的名字为“justtest”,category的名字为“justcategory”。启动该Activity的代码如下:
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private void startImplictIntent() { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction( "justaction" ); intent.addCategory( "justcategory" ); startActivity(intent); } |
系统在匹配Implict Intent的过程中,将以Intent Filter列出的3项内容为参考标准,具体步骤如下:
- 首先匹配IntentFilter的Action,如果Intent设置的action不满足IntentFilter的Action,则匹配失败。如果IntentFilter未设定Action或者设定的Action相同,则匹配成功。
- 然后检查IntentFilter的Category,匹配方法同Action的匹配相同,唯一例外的是当Category为CATEGORY_DEFAULT的情况。
- 最后检查Data。
Activityi信息的管理
从上面的分析可以看出,系统的匹配Intent的过程中,首先需要管理当前系统中所有Activity信息。Activity的信息是PackageManagerService在扫描APK的时候进行收集和管理的。相关源码如下:
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// 处理该package的activity信息 N = pkg.activities.size(); r = null ; for (i = 0 ; i < N; i++) { PackageParser.Activity a = pkg.activities.get(i); a.info.processName = fixProcessName(pkg.applicationInfo.processName, a.info.processName, pkg.applicationInfo.uid); mActivities.addActivity(a, "activity" ); } |
上面代码中,有两个比较重要的数据结构,如下图所示。
结合代码和上图的数据结构,可知:
mAcitivitys为ActivityIntentResolver类型,是PKMS的成员变量,用于保存系统中所有与Activity相关的信息。此数据结构内部也有一个mActivities变量,它以ComponentName为key,保存PackageParser.Activity对象。
从APK中解析得到的所有和Acitivity相关的信息(包括XML中声明的IntentFilter标签)都由PackageParser.Activity来保存。
前面代码中调用addActivity函数完成了私有信息的公有化。addActivity函数的代码如下:
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public final void addActivity(PackageParser.Activity a, String type) { final boolean systemApp = isSystemApp(a.info.applicationInfo); mActivities.put(a.getComponentName(), a); final int NI = a.intents.size(); for ( int j = 0 ; j < NI; j++) { PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo intent = a.intents.get(j); if (!systemApp && intent.getPriority() > 0 && "activity" .equals(type)) { // 非系统APK的priority必须为0 intent.setPriority( 0 ); } addFilter(intent); } } |
接下来看一下addFilter函数。函数源码如下:
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public void addFilter(F f) { // mFilters保存所有IntentFilter信息 mFilters.add(f); int numS = register_intent_filter(f, f.schemesIterator(), mSchemeToFilter, " Scheme: " ); int numT = register_mime_types(f, " Type: " ); if (numS == 0 && numT == 0 ) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mActionToFilter, " Action: " ); } if (numT != 0 ) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mTypedActionToFilter, " TypedAction: " ); } } |
这里又出现了几种数据结构,它们的类似都是ArrayMap<String, F[ ]>,其中F为模板参数。
- mSchemeToFilter:用于保存uri中与scheme相关的IntentFilter信息。
- mActionToFilter:用于保存仅设置Action条件的IntentFilter信息。
- mTypedActionToFilter:用于保存既设置了Action又设置了Data的MIME类型的IntentFilter信息。
了解了大概的数据结构之后,我们来看一下register_intent_filter的函数实现:
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private final int register_intent_filter(F filter, Iterator<String> i, ArrayMap<String, F[]> dest, String prefix) { if (i == null ) { return 0 ; } int num = 0 ; while (i.hasNext()) { String name = i.next(); num++; addFilter(dest, name, filter); } return num; } |
然后又是一个addFilter函数,明显是一个函数重载,我们来看一下这个addFilter的实现:
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private final void addFilter(ArrayMap<String, F[]> map, String name, F filter) { F[] array = map.get(name); if (array == null ) { array = newArray( 2 ); map.put(name, array); array[ 0 ] = filter; } else { final int N = array.length; int i = N; while (i > 0 && array[i- 1 ] == null ) { i--; } if (i < N) { array[i] = filter; } else { F[] newa = newArray((N* 3 )/ 2 ); System.arraycopy(array, 0 , newa, 0 , N); newa[N] = filter; map.put(name, newa); } } } |
其实代码还是很简单的,如果F数组存在,则判断容量,不够则扩容,够的话就找到位置插入。如果F数组不存在,则创建一个容量为2的数组,将0号元素赋值为该filter。
Intent匹配查询分析
客户端通过ApplicationPackageManager输出的queryIntentActivities函数向PackageManagerService发起一次查询请求,代码如下:
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@Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, int flags) { return queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(intent, flags, mContext.getUserId()); } /** @hide Same as above but for a specific user */ @Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(Intent intent, int flags, int userId) { try { return mPM.queryIntentActivities( intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(mContext.getContentResolver()), flags, userId); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException( "Package manager has died" , e); } } |
可以看到,queryIntentActivities的真正实现是在PackageManagerService.java中,函数代码如下:
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public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) { if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return Collections.emptyList(); enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false , "query intent activities" ); ComponentName comp = intent.getComponent(); if (comp == null ) { if (intent.getSelector() != null ) { intent = intent.getSelector(); comp = intent.getComponent(); } } if (comp != null ) { // Explicit的Intent,直接根据component得到对应的ActivityInfo final List<ResolveInfo> list = new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>( 1 ); final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(comp, flags, userId); if (ai != null ) { final ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo(); ri.activityInfo = ai; list.add(ri); } return list; } // reader synchronized (mPackages) { final String pkgName = intent.getPackage(); if (pkgName == null ) { // Implicit Intent return mActivities.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId); } final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(pkgName); if (pkg != null ) { // 指定了包名的Intent return mActivities.queryIntentForPackage(intent, resolvedType, flags, pkg.activities, userId); } return new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>(); } } |
可以看到,Explicit Intent的实现较为简单,我们重点来看一下Implict Intent实现。Implicit Intent调用了queryIntent方法,我们来看一下queryIntent的实现代码:
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public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) { if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return null ; mFlags = flags; return super .queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, (flags & PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY) != 0 , userId); } |
继续跟踪到IntentResolver.java的queryIntent方法,源码如下:
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public List<R> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, boolean defaultOnly, int userId) { String scheme = intent.getScheme(); ArrayList<R> finalList = new ArrayList<R>(); // 最多有4轮匹配操作 F[] firstTypeCut = null ; F[] secondTypeCut = null ; F[] thirdTypeCut = null ; F[] schemeCut = null ; // If the intent includes a MIME type, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match that MIME type. if (resolvedType != null ) { int slashpos = resolvedType.indexOf( '/' ); if (slashpos > 0 ) { final String baseType = resolvedType.substring( 0 , slashpos); if (!baseType.equals( "*" )) { if (resolvedType.length() != slashpos+ 2 || resolvedType.charAt(slashpos+ 1 ) != '*' ) { // Not a wild card, so we can just look for all filters that // completely match or wildcards whose base type matches. firstTypeCut = mTypeToFilter.get(resolvedType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } else { // We can match anything with our base type. firstTypeCut = mBaseTypeToFilter.get(baseType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } // Any */* types always apply, but we only need to do this // if the intent type was not already */*. thirdTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get( "*" ); } else if (intent.getAction() != null ) { // The intent specified any type ({@literal *}/*). This // can be a whole heck of a lot of things, so as a first // cut let's use the action instead. firstTypeCut = mTypedActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } } } // If the intent includes a data URI, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match its scheme (we will further refine matches // on the authority and path by directly matching each resulting filter). if (scheme != null ) { schemeCut = mSchemeToFilter.get(scheme); } // If the intent does not specify any data -- either a MIME type or // a URI -- then we will only be looking for matches against empty // data. if (resolvedType == null && scheme == null && intent.getAction() != null ) { firstTypeCut = mActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } FastImmutableArraySet<String> categories = getFastIntentCategories(intent); if (firstTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, firstTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (secondTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, secondTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (thirdTypeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, thirdTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (schemeCut != null ) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, schemeCut, finalList, userId); } sortResults(finalList); return finalList; } |
具体的查询匹配过程是由buildResolveList函数完成了。查询的匹配实现我就不贴代码了,大家自己去查询看就好了。