SpringBoot整合JWT Token的完整步骤

目录

• 背景
• 一  JWT 消息构成
  • 1.1 组成
  • 1.2 header
  • 1.3 playload
  • 1.4 signature
• 二 Spring Boot 和 JWT集成实例
  • 2.1 项目依赖
  • 2.2 自定义注解 @JwtToken
  • 2.3 JWT认证工具类 JwtUtil.java
  • 2.4 拦截器拦截带有注解的接口 JwtInterceptor.java
  • 2.5 全局异常捕获
  • 2.6 接口 JwtController.java
  • 2.7 Postman测试接口
    • 2.7.1 在没有token的情况下访问jwt/getMessage 接口
    • 2.7.2 先登录，再访问jwt/getMessage接口
• 总结

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
        <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
        <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- redis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <scope>1.8.4</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.47</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface JwtToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}

public class JwtUtil {

    /**
     * 过期时间5分钟
     */
    private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000;
    /**
     * jwt 密钥
     */
    private static final String SECRET = "jwt_secret";

    /**
     * 生成签名，五分钟后过期
     * @param userId
     * @return
     */
    public static String sign(String userId) {
        try {
            Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME);
            Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(SECRET);
            return JWT.create()
                    // 将 user id 保存到 token 里面
                    .withAudience(userId)
                    // 五分钟后token过期
                    .withExpiresAt(date)
                    // token 的密钥
                    .sign(algorithm);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根据token获取userId
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static String getUserId(String token) {
        try {
            String userId = JWT.decode(token).getAudience().get(0);
            return userId;
        } catch (JWTDecodeException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 校验token
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean checkSign(String token) {
        try {
            Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(SECRET);
            JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm)
                    // .withClaim("username", username)
                    .build();
            DecodedJWT jwt = verifier.verify(token);
            return true;
        } catch (JWTVerificationException exception) {
            throw new RuntimeException("token 无效，请重新获取");
        }
    }
}

public class JwtInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object object) {
        // 从 http 请求头中取出 token
        String token = httpServletRequest.getHeader("token");
        // 如果不是映射到方法直接通过
        if(!(object instanceof HandlerMethod)){
            return true;
        }
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod=(HandlerMethod)object;
        Method method=handlerMethod.getMethod();
        //检查有没有需要用户权限的注解
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(JwtToken.class)) {
            JwtToken jwtToken = method.getAnnotation(JwtToken.class);
            if (jwtToken.required()) {
                // 执行认证
                if (token == null) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("无token，请重新登录");
                }
                // 获取 token 中的 userId
                String userId = JwtUtil.getUserId(token);
                System.out.println("用户id:" + userId);

                // 验证 token
                JwtUtil.checkSign(token);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 添加jwt拦截器
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(jwtInterceptor())
                // 拦截所有请求，通过判断是否有 @JwtToken 注解 决定是否需要登录
                .addPathPatterns("/**");
    }

    /**
     * jwt拦截器
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public JwtInterceptor jwtInterceptor() {
        return new JwtInterceptor();
    }
}

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public Object handleException(Exception e) {
        String msg = e.getMessage();
        if (msg == null || msg.equals("")) {
            msg = "服务器出错";
        }
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("message", msg);
        return jsonObject;
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jwt")
public class JwtController {

    /**
     * 登录并获取token
     * @param userName
     * @param passWord
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public Object login( String userName, String passWord){
        JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject();
        // 检验用户是否存在(为了简单，这里假设用户存在，并制造一个uuid假设为用户id)
        String userId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        // 生成签名
        String token= JwtUtil.sign(userId);
        Map<String, String> userInfo = new HashMap<>();
        userInfo.put("userId", userId);
        userInfo.put("userName", userName);
        userInfo.put("passWord", passWord);
        jsonObject.put("token", token);
        jsonObject.put("user", userInfo);
        return jsonObject;
    }

    /**
     * 该接口需要带签名才能访问
     * @return
     */
    @JwtToken
    @GetMapping("/getMessage")
    public String getMessage(){
        return "你已通过验证";
    }
}