Java SpringMVC自学自讲

目录

• SpringMVC
  • 参考博客
  • MVC
  • SpringMVC
    • 概述
    • SpringMVC优点
    • 创建maven工程
    • 配置web.xml
    • 创建请求控制器
    • 创建springMVC的配置文件
    • 测试HelloWorld
  • 总结
    • @RequestMapping注解
    • @RequestMapping注解的params属性（了解）
    • @RequestMapping注解的headers属性（了解）
    • SpringMVC支持路径中的占位符（重点）
    • @RequestParam
    • @RequestHeader
    • @CookieValue
    • @ResponseBody
  • SpringMVC处理json

<dependencies>
    <!-- SpringMVC -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 日志 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- ServletAPI -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 配置SpringMVC的前端控制器，对浏览器发送的请求统一进行处理 -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称 -->
    <init-param>
        <!-- contextConfigLocation为固定值 -->
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <!-- 使用classpath:表示从类路径查找配置文件，例如maven工程中的src/main/resources -->
        <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 
 		作为框架的核心组件，在启动过程中有大量的初始化操作要做
		而这些操作放在第一次请求时才执行会严重影响访问速度
		因此需要通过此标签将启动控制DispatcherServlet的初始化时间提前到服务器启动时
	-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <!--
        设置springMVC的核心控制器所能处理的请求的请求路径
        /所匹配的请求可以是/login或.html或.js或.css方式的请求路径
        但是/不能匹配.jsp请求路径的请求
    -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自动扫描包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.blumson.mvc.controller"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">

                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>

                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--
       处理静态资源，例如html、js、css、jpg
      若只设置该标签，则只能访问静态资源，其他请求则无法访问
      此时必须设置<mvc:annotation-driven/>解决问题
     -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 开启mvc注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <!-- 处理响应中文内容乱码 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html</value>
                        <value>application/json</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

// @RequestMapping注解：处理请求和控制器方法之间的映射关系
// @RequestMapping注解的value属性可以通过请求地址匹配请求，/表示的当前工程的上下文路径
// localhost:8080/springMVC/
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
    //设置视图名称
    return "index";
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>first</h1>
</body>
</html>

 @RequestMapping("/target")
    public String target(){
        return "target";
    }

@RequestMapping(
        value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
    return "success";
}

@RequestMapping(
        value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"},
        method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
    return "success";
}

@RequestMapping(
        value = {"/testRequestMapping", "/test"}
        ,method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST}
        ,params = {"username","password!=123456"}
)
public String testRequestMapping(){
    return "success";
}

@RequestMapping("/testRest/{id}/{username}")
public String testRest(@PathVariable("id") String id, @PathVariable("username") String username){
    System.out.println("id:"+id+",username:"+username);
    return "success";
}
//最终输出的内容为-->id:1,username:admin

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>

<mvc:annotation-driven />

@RequestMapping("/json")
@ResponseBody
public User testResponseUser(){
    User user = new User();
        user.setId(1001);
        user.setUsername("admin");
        user.setPassword("123456");
        user.setAge(23);
        user.setSex("男");
        return user;
}