背景
实际开发中,常常需要将比较复杂的 JSON 字符串转换为对应的 Java 对象。这里记录下解决方案。
如下所示,是入侵事件检测得到的 JSON 串:
[{"rule_id":"反弹shell","format_output":"进程 pname 反向连接到 %dest_ip%:%dest_port%","info":{"process_events":{"pid":21,"pname":"nginx","cmdline":"curl www.cfda.com","ppid":7,"ppname":"bash"},"proc_trees":[{"pid":21,"pname":"nginx","cmdline":"curl www.cfda.com","ppid":7,"ppname":"bash"}],"containers":{"container_id":"fef4636d8403871c2e56e06e51d609554564adbbf8284dd914a0f61130558bdf","container_name":"nginx","image_id":"4eb8f7c43909449dbad801c50d9dccc7dc86631e54f28b1a4b13575729065be8","status":"Running"},"sockets":{"src_ip":"127.0.0.1","src_port":"8080","type":"1","in_out":"0","dest_ip":"localhost","dest_port":"80"}}}]
方法
预备工作
把上述 json 串放在 src/test/resources 下,写一个文件读写程序来解析。 其实放在哪里不重要,重要的是拿到这个 JSON 串便于后续解析。
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public static String readFromSource(String filename) { try { InputStream is = RWTool. class .getResourceAsStream(filename); byte [] bytes = new byte [ 4096 ]; int num = 0 ; String json = "" ; while ((num=is.read(bytes))> 0 ){ json= new String(bytes, 0 ,num); } return json; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex.getCause()); } } |
构建对象模型
首先,要根据这个 JSON 字符串解析出对应的数据模型 AgentDetectEventData。主要就是按照 JSON 串中的 key 的层次结构来建立。
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@Getter @Setter public class AgentDetectEventData { @SerializedName ( "rule_id" ) @JsonProperty ( "rule_id" ) private String ruleId; @SerializedName ( "format_output" ) @JsonProperty ( "format_output" ) private String formatOutput; @SerializedName ( "info" ) @JsonProperty ( "info" ) private AgentDetectEventDetail info; } @Getter @Setter public class AgentDetectEventDetail { @SerializedName ( "process_events" ) @JsonProperty ( "process_events" ) private ProcessEvent processEvent; @SerializedName ( "proc_trees" ) @JsonProperty ( "proc_trees" ) private List<ProcessTree> procTree; @SerializedName ( "containers" ) @JsonProperty ( "containers" ) private Container container; @SerializedName ( "sockets" ) @JsonProperty ( "sockets" ) private Socket socket; } @Getter @Setter public class ProcessEvent { @SerializedName ( "pid" ) @JsonProperty ( "pid" ) private String pid; @SerializedName ( "pname" ) @JsonProperty ( "pname" ) private String pname; @SerializedName ( "cmdline" ) @JsonProperty ( "cmdline" ) private String cmdline; @SerializedName ( "ppid" ) @JsonProperty ( "ppid" ) private String ppid; @SerializedName ( "ppname" ) @JsonProperty ( "ppname" ) private String ppname; } @Getter @Setter public class ProcessTree { @SerializedName ( "pid" ) @JsonProperty ( "pid" ) private String pid; @SerializedName ( "pname" ) @JsonProperty ( "pname" ) private String pname; @SerializedName ( "cmdline" ) @JsonProperty ( "cmdline" ) private String cmdline; @SerializedName ( "ppid" ) @JsonProperty ( "ppid" ) private String ppid; @SerializedName ( "ppname" ) @JsonProperty ( "ppname" ) private String ppname; } @Getter @Setter public class Container { @SerializedName ( "container_id" ) @JsonProperty ( "container_id" ) private String containerId; @SerializedName ( "container_name" ) @JsonProperty ( "container_name" ) private String containerName; @SerializedName ( "image_id" ) @JsonProperty ( "image_id" ) private String imageId; @SerializedName ( "status" ) @JsonProperty ( "status" ) private String status; } @Getter @Setter public class Socket { @SerializedName ( "src_ip" ) @JsonProperty ( "src_ip" ) private String srcIp; @SerializedName ( "src_port" ) @JsonProperty ( "src_port" ) private String srcPort; @SerializedName ( "type" ) @JsonProperty ( "type" ) private String type; @SerializedName ( "in_out" ) @JsonProperty ( "in_out" ) private String inOut; @SerializedName ( "dest_ip" ) @JsonProperty ( "dest_ip" ) private String destIp; @SerializedName ( "dest_port" ) @JsonProperty ( "dest_port" ) private String destPort; } |
这里有两个注意点:
- JSON 字符串的字段命名是下划线形式,而 Java 对象的属性命名是驼峰式的,这里需要做一个字段名映射转换。 使用 Jackson 库来转换,是 @JsonProperty 注解; 使用 gson 库来转换,是 @SerializedName 注解。
- 需要加 getter / setter 方法。
对象模型建立后,就成功了一大半。接下来,就是使用 json 库来解析了。
使用jackson 库解析
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public class JsonUtil { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtil. class ); private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper(); static { // 为保持对象版本兼容性,忽略未知的属性 MAPPER.configure(DeserializationConfig.Feature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false ); // 序列化的时候,跳过null值 MAPPER.getSerializationConfig().setSerializationInclusion(JsonSerialize.Inclusion.NON_NULL); // date类型转化 SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" ); MAPPER.setDateFormat(fmt); } /** * 将一个json字符串解码为java对象 * * 注意:如果传入的字符串为null,那么返回的对象也为null * * @param json json字符串 * @param cls 对象类型 * @return 解析后的java对象 * @throws RuntimeException 若解析json过程中发生了异常 */ public static <T> T toObject(String json, Class<T> cls) { if (json == null ) { return null ; } try { return MAPPER.readValue(json, cls); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.getCause()); } } public static <T> String objectToJson(T obj){ if (obj == null ){ return null ; } try { return obj instanceof String ? (String) obj : MAPPER.writeValueAsString(obj); } catch (Exception e) { return null ; } } public static <T> T jsonToObject(String src, TypeReference<T> typeReference){ if (StringUtils.isEmpty(src) || typeReference == null ){ return null ; } try { return (T)(typeReference.getType().equals(String. class ) ? src : MAPPER.readValue(src, typeReference)); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn( "Parse Json to Object error" ,e); throw new RuntimeException(e.getCause()); } } public static <T> T jsonToObject(String src, Class<?> collectionClass,Class<?>... elementClasses){ JavaType javaType = MAPPER.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(collectionClass,elementClasses); try { return MAPPER.readValue(src, javaType); } catch (Exception e) { logger.warn( "Parse Json to Object error" ,e); throw new RuntimeException(e.getCause()); } } } |
单测:
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public class JsonUtilTest { @Test public void testParseJson() { String json = RWTool.readFromSource( "/json.txt" ); List<AgentDetectEventData> ade = JsonUtil.jsonToObject(json, new TypeReference<List<AgentDetectEventData>>() {}); Assert.assertNotNull(ade); } @Test public void testParseJson2() { String json = RWTool.readFromSource( "/json.txt" ); List<AgentDetectEventData> ade = JsonUtil.jsonToObject(json, List. class , AgentDetectEventData. class ); Assert.assertNotNull(ade); } } |
引入POM依赖为:
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< dependency > < groupId >org.codehaus.jackson</ groupId > < artifactId >jackson-mapper-asl</ artifactId > < version >1.9.4</ version > </ dependency > |
使用GSON解析
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public class GsonUtil { static GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = null ; static { gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder(); gsonBuilder.setDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" ); } public static Gson getGson() { return gsonBuilder.create(); } public static <T> T fromJson(String json, Class<T> cls) { return getGson().fromJson(json, cls); } public static <T> T fromJson(String json, Type type) { return getGson().fromJson(json, type); } } |
单测:
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public class GsonUtilTest { @Test public void testParseJson() { String json = RWTool.readFromSource( "/json.txt" ); List<AgentDetectEventData> ade = GsonUtil.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<List<AgentDetectEventData>>(){}.getType()); Assert.assertNotNull(ade); } } |
引入 POM 为:
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< dependency > < groupId >com.google.code.gson</ groupId > < artifactId >gson</ artifactId > < version >2.3.1</ version > </ dependency > |
不含列表的嵌套对象
如果是不含列表的嵌套对象,则使用带 Class cls 入参的方法:
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@Test public void testParseSimpleNestedJson() { String json = "{\"goods\":{\"desc\":\"2箱*250g\",\"goodsId\":8866,\"orderNo\":\"E20210522120237009258\",\"shopId\":659494,\"title\":\"认养一头牛\"},\"order\":{\"bookTime\":1621656157,\"codPay\":false,\"deliveryType\":\"express\",\"orderNo\":\"E20210522120237009258\",\"shopId\":659494,\"userId\":1476}}" ; BookInfo bookInfo = JsonUtil.toObject(json, BookInfo. class ); Assert.assertNotNull(bookInfo); } @Test public void testParseSimpleNestedJson() { String json = "{\"goods\":{\"desc\":\"2箱*250g\",\"goodsId\":8866,\"orderNo\":\"E20210522120237009258\",\"shopId\":659494,\"title\":\"认养一头牛\"},\"order\":{\"bookTime\":1621656157,\"codPay\":false,\"deliveryType\":\"express\",\"orderNo\":\"E20210522120237009258\",\"shopId\":659494,\"userId\":1476}}" ; BookInfo bookInfo = GsonUtil.fromJson(json, BookInfo. class ); Assert.assertNotNull(bookInfo); } |
读者可以自行解析出 BookInfo 的对象模型。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/lovesqcc/p/14798434.html