1、HttpClient：代码复杂，还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂，冗余代码多，不建议直接使用。
2、RestTemplate： 是 Spring 提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端， RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。
引入jar包：
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<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> |
添加初始化配置（也可以不配，有默认的）--注意RestTemplate只有初始化配置，没有什么连接池
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package com.itunion.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@Configurationpublic class ApiConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) { return new RestTemplate(factory); } @Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() { SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();//默认的是JDK提供http连接，需要的话可以//通过setRequestFactory方法替换为例如Apache HttpComponents、Netty或//OkHttp等其它HTTP library。 factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//单位为ms factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);//单位为ms return factory; }} |
1）get请求（不带参的即把参数取消即可）
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// 1-getForObject()User user1 = this.restTemplate.getForObject(uri, User.class);// 2-getForEntity()ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, User.class);HttpStatus statusCode = responseEntity1.getStatusCode();HttpHeaders header = responseEntity1.getHeaders();User user2 = responseEntity1.getBody(); // 3-exchange()RequestEntity requestEntity = RequestEntity.get(new URI(uri)).build();ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class);User user3 = responseEntity2.getBody(); |
方式一：
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Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}" , Notice.class,1,5); |
方式二：
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Map<String,String> map = new HashMap(); map.put("start","1"); map.put("page","5"); Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/" , Notice.class,map); |
2）post请求：
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// 1-postForObject()User user1 = this.restTemplate.postForObject(uri, user, User.class);// 2-postForEntity()ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = this.restTemplate.postForEntity(uri, user, User.class);// 3-exchange()RequestEntity<User> requestEntity = RequestEntity.post(new URI(uri)).body(user);ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange(requestEntity, User.class); |
方式一：
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String url = "http://demo/api/book/"; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); MediaType type = MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json; charset=UTF-8"); headers.setContentType(type); String requestJson = "{...}"; HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(requestJson,headers); String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, entity, String.class); System.out.println(result); |
方式二：
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@Testpublic void rtPostObject(){ RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkEmail"; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); map.add("email", "844072586@qq.com"); HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers); ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class ); System.out.println(response.getBody());} |
其它：还支持上传和下载功能；
3、okhttp：OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接；连接池减少请求延时；透明的GZIP压缩减少响应数据的大小；缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求
当网络出现问题的时候OkHttp依然坚守自己的职责，它会自动恢复一般的连接问题，如果你的服务有多个IP地址，当第一个IP请求失败时，OkHttp会交替尝试你配置的其他IP，OkHttp使用现代TLS技术(SNI, ALPN)初始化新的连接，当握手失败时会回退到TLS 1.0。
1）使用：它的请求/响应 API 使用构造器模式builders来设计，它支持阻塞式的同步请求和带回调的异步请求。
引入jar包：
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<dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version></dependency> |
2）配置文件：
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import okhttp3.ConnectionPool;import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;import java.security.KeyManagementException;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.SecureRandom;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Configurationpublic class OkHttpConfiguration { @Bean public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() { return new OkHttpClient.Builder() //.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory(), x509TrustManager()) .retryOnConnectionFailure(false) .connectionPool(pool()) .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .writeTimeout(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS) .build(); } @Bean public X509TrustManager x509TrustManager() { return new X509TrustManager() { @Override public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException { } @Override public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException { } @Override public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return new X509Certificate[0]; } }; } @Bean public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() { try { //信任任何链接 SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager()}, new SecureRandom()); return sslContext.getSocketFactory(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * Create a new connection pool with tuning parameters appropriate for a single-user application. * The tuning parameters in this pool are subject to change in future OkHttp releases. Currently */ @Bean public ConnectionPool pool() { return new ConnectionPool(200, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES); }} |
3）util工具：
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import okhttp3.*;import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import java.io.File;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Map;public class OkHttpUtil{ private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OkHttpUtil.class); private static OkHttpClient okHttpClient; @Autowired public OkHttpUtil(OkHttpClient okHttpClient) { OkHttpUtil.okHttpClient= okHttpClient; } /** * get * @param url 请求的url * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null * @return */ public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> queries) { String responseBody = ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url); if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) { boolean firstFlag = true; Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next(); if (firstFlag) { sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); firstFlag = false; } else { sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); } } } Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(sb.toString()) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); int status = response.code(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e)); } finally { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } return responseBody; } /** * post * * @param url 请求的url * @param params post form 提交的参数 * @return */ public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) { String responseBody = ""; FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); //添加参数 if (params != null && params.keySet().size() > 0) { for (String key : params.keySet()) { builder.add(key, params.get(key)); } } Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(builder.build()) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); int status = response.code(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e)); } finally { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } return responseBody; } /** * get * @param url 请求的url * @param queries 请求的参数，在浏览器？后面的数据，没有可以传null * @return */ public static String getForHeader(String url, Map<String, String> queries) { String responseBody = ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(url); if (queries != null && queries.keySet().size() > 0) { boolean firstFlag = true; Iterator iterator = queries.entrySet().iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next(); if (firstFlag) { sb.append("?" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); firstFlag = false; } else { sb.append("&" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue()); } } } Request request = new Request.Builder() .addHeader("key", "value") .url(sb.toString()) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); int status = response.code(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("okhttp3 put error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e)); } finally { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } return responseBody; } /** * Post请求发送JSON数据....{"name":"zhangsan","pwd":"123456"} * 参数一：请求Url * 参数二：请求的JSON * 参数三：请求回调 */ public static String postJsonParams(String url, String jsonParams) { String responseBody = ""; RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), jsonParams); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); int status = response.code(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e)); } finally { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } return responseBody; } /** * Post请求发送xml数据.... * 参数一：请求Url * 参数二：请求的xmlString * 参数三：请求回调 */ public static String postXmlParams(String url, String xml) { String responseBody = ""; RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/xml; charset=utf-8"), xml); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); int status = response.code(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("okhttp3 post error >> ex = {}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e)); } finally { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } return responseBody; }} |
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原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/wzk-0000/p/10955406.html
