spring boot RestTemplate 发送get请求踩坑
闲话少说,代码说话
RestTemplate 实例
手动实例化,这个我基本不用
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RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); |
依赖注入,通常情况下我使用 java.net 包下的类构建的 SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory
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@Configuration public class RestConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean ({RestOperations. class , RestTemplate. class }) public RestOperations restOperations() { SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(); requestFactory.setReadTimeout( 5000 ); requestFactory.setConnectTimeout( 5000 ); RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory); // 使用 utf-8 编码集的 conver 替换默认的 conver(默认的 string conver 的编码集为 "ISO-8859-1") List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters(); Iterator<HttpMessageConverter<?>> iterator = messageConverters.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = iterator.next(); if (converter instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) { iterator.remove(); } } messageConverters.add( new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName( "UTF-8" ))); return restTemplate; } } |
请求地址
get 请求 url 为
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http: //localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone=手机号&msg=短信内容 |
错误使用
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@Autowired private RestOperations restOperations; public void test() throws Exception{ String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms" ; Map<String, Object> uriVariables = new HashMap<String, Object>(); uriVariables.put( "phone" , "151xxxxxxxx" ); uriVariables.put( "msg" , "测试短信内容" ); String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class , uriVariables); } |
服务器接收的时候你会发现,接收的该请求时没有参数的
正确使用
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@Autowired private RestOperations restOperations; public void test() throws Exception{ String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone={phone}&msg={phone}" ; Map<String, Object> uriVariables = new HashMap<String, Object>(); uriVariables.put( "phone" , "151xxxxxxxx" ); uriVariables.put( "msg" , "测试短信内容" ); String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class , uriVariables); } |
等价于
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@Autowired private RestOperations restOperations; public void test() throws Exception{ String url = "http://localhost:8080/test/sendSms?phone={phone}&msg={phone}" ; String result = restOperations.getForObject(url, String. class , "151xxxxxxxx" , "测试短信内容" ); } |
springboot restTemplate访问get,post请求的各种方式
springboot中封装好了访问外部请求的方法类,那就是RestTemplate。下面就简单介绍一下,RestTemplate访问外部请求的方法。
get请求
首先get请求的参数是拼接在url后面的。所以不需要额外添加参数。但是也需要分两种情况。
1、 有请求头
由于 getForEntity() 和 getForObject() 都无法加入请求头。所以需要请求头的连接只能使用 exchange() 来访问。代码如下
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public JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); String url = "http://test.api.com?id=123" ; headers.set( "Content-Type" , "application/json" ); HttpEntity<JSONObject> jsonObject= re.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(headers),JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject.getBody()); return jsonObject.getBody(); } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
2、 无请求头
无需请求头的可以用三个方法实现。getForEntity() 和 getForObject() 还有 exchange() 都可以实现。下面讲前两种用的比较多的。
getForEntity()
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public JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://api.help.bj.cn/apis/alarm/?id=101020100" ; HttpEntity<JSONObject> jsonObject= re.getForEntity(url,JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject.getBody()); return jsonObject.getBody(); } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
getForObject()
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public JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://api.help.bj.cn/apis/alarm/?id=101020100" ; JSONObject jsonObject= re.getForObject(url,JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject); return jsonObject; } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
post请求
post请求也分几种情况
1、参数在body的form-data里面
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public static JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA); MultiValueMap<String, Object> loginJson = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); loginJson.add( "id" , "123" ); JSONObject jsonObject= re.postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(loginJson,headers),JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject); return jsonObject; } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
还可以把 postForObject 换成 postForEntity
2、参数在body的x-www-from-urlencodeed里面
只需要把请求头的setContentType改成下面即可
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headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); |
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public static JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); MultiValueMap<String, Object> loginJson = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); loginJson.add( "id" , "123" ); JSONObject jsonObject= re.postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(loginJson,headers),JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject); return jsonObject; } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
3、参数在body的raw里面
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public static JSONObject test(){ try { RestTemplate re = new RestTemplate(); String url = "http://localhost:8101/test" ; HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.set( "Content-Type" , "application/json" ); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.put( "id" , "1" ); JSONObject jsonObject1 = restTemplate .postForObject(url, new HttpEntity<>(jsonObject,headers),JSONObject. class ); log.info( "返回:{}" ,jsonObject1); return jsonObject; } catch (Exception e){ log.error(e.getMessage()); } return null ; } |
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/MitKey/article/details/53956520