实现的功能:
- 默认情况下将扫描整个项目的文件
- 可以使用@ComponentScan注解配置扫描路径
- 只将被@Component注解修饰的类装载到容器中
- 可以使用@AutoWired注解实现自动装配
- 读取配置文件中的声明的类并注册到容器中
项目结构
下面是程序的项目结构图:
自定义注解
下面是自定义的三个注解: @AutoWired,@Component,@ComponentScan。
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@Target (ElementType.FIELD) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface AutoWired { } @Target (ElementType.TYPE) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Component { } @Target (ElementType.TYPE) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface ComponentScan { String[] value(); } |
容器实现
其中AnnotationConfigApplicationContext和ClassPathXMLApplicationContext为核心的类,其中
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类实现扫描文件和解析注解等功能。
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package learn.reflection.reflect; import learn.reflection.Bootstrap; import learn.reflection.annotation.AutoWired; import learn.reflection.annotation.Component; import learn.reflection.annotation.ComponentScan; import java.io.File; import java.io.InputStream; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Set; public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<T>{ //使用HaspMap存储Bean private HashMap<Class,Object> beanFactory= new HashMap<>(); //获取Bean的方法 public T getBean(Class clazz){ return (T) beanFactory.get(clazz); } String path; //编译后的字节码存储路径 /** * 初始化ApplicationContext,加载注解修饰的Bean到beanFactory */ public void initContextByAnnotation(){ //编译后的项目根目录:D:/idea_workplace/javaAppliTechnology/target/classes/ path = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext. class .getClassLoader().getResource( "" ).getFile(); //查看启动类Bootstrap是否有定义扫描包 ComponentScan annotation = Bootstrap. class .getAnnotation(ComponentScan. class ); if (annotation!= null ){ //有定义就只扫描自定义的 String[] definedPaths = annotation.value(); if (definedPaths!= null &&definedPaths.length> 0 ){ loadClassInDefinedDir(path,definedPaths); } } else { //默认扫描整个项目的目录 System.out.println(path); findClassFile( new File(path)); } assembleObject(); } /** * 给@AutoWired修饰的属性赋值 */ private void assembleObject(){ Set<Map.Entry<Class, Object>> entries = beanFactory.entrySet(); //扫描所有容器中的Bean for (Map.Entry<Class, Object> entry : entries) { Object value = entry.getValue(); //获取所有属性 Field[] fields = value.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { //如果被@AutoWired注解修饰则进行赋值 AutoWired annotation = field.getAnnotation(AutoWired. class ); if (annotation!= null ){ try { field.setAccessible( true ); field.set(value,beanFactory.get(field.getType())); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } /** * 扫描用户自定义的包 * @param path * @param definedPaths */ private void loadClassInDefinedDir(String path, String[] definedPaths){ for (String definedPath : definedPaths) { //转换成绝对路径 String s = definedPath.replaceAll( "\\." , "/" ); String fullName=path+s; System.out.println(s); findClassFile( new File(fullName)); } } /** * 扫描项目中的每一个文件夹找到所有的class文件 */ private void findClassFile(File pathParent) { //路径是否是目录,子目录是否为空 if (pathParent.isDirectory()) { File[] childrenFiles = pathParent.listFiles(); if (childrenFiles == null || childrenFiles.length == 0 ) { return ; } for (File childrenFile : childrenFiles) { if (childrenFile.isDirectory()) { //递归调用直到找到所有的文件 findClassFile(childrenFile); } else { //找到文件 loadClassWithAnnotation(childrenFile); } } } } /** * 装配找到的所有带有@Component注解的类到容器 */ private void loadClassWithAnnotation(File file) { //1.去掉前面的项目绝对路径 String pathWithClass=file.getAbsolutePath().substring(path.length()- 1 ); //2.将路径的“/”转化为“.”和去掉后面的.class if (pathWithClass.contains( ".class" )){ String fullName = pathWithClass.replaceAll( "\\\\" , "." ).replace( ".class" , "" ); /** * 根据获取到的类的全限定名使用反射将实例添加到beanFactory中 */ try { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(fullName); //3.判断是不是接口,不是接口才创建实例 if (!clazz.isInterface()){ //4.是否具有@Bean注解 Component annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(Component. class ); if (annotation!= null ){ //5.创建实例对象 Object instance = clazz.newInstance(); //6.判断是否有实现的接口 Class<?>[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces(); if (interfaces!= null &&interfaces.length> 0 ){ //如果是有接口就将其接口的class作为key,实例对象作为value System.out.println( "正在加载【" +interfaces[ 0 ].getName()+ "】 实例对象:" +instance.getClass().getName()); beanFactory.put(interfaces[ 0 ],instance); } else { System.out.println( "正在加载【" +clazz.getName()+ "】 实例对象:" +instance.getClass().getName()); beanFactory.put(clazz,instance); } //如果没有接口就将自己的class作为key,实例对象作为value } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } |
ClassPathXMLApplicationContext类实现解析xml配置文件,并装载组件到容器中。
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package learn.reflection.reflect; import java.net.URL; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.jdom2.Document; import org.jdom2.JDOMException; import org.jdom2.Element; import org.jdom2.xpath.XPath; import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.util.*; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; /** * @author Hai * @date 2020/5/17 - 18:47 */ public class ClassPathXMLApplicationContext{ private File file; private Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap(); public ClassPathXMLApplicationContext(String config_file) { URL url = this .getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(config_file); try { file = new File(url.toURI()); XMLParsing(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } private void XMLParsing() throws Exception { SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(); Document document = builder.build(file); Element root = document.getRootElement(); List elementList = root.getChildren( "bean" ); Iterator i = elementList.iterator(); //读取bean节点的所有信息 while (i.hasNext()) { Element bean = (Element) i.next(); String id = bean.getAttributeValue( "id" ); //根据class创建实例 String cls = bean.getAttributeValue( "class" ); Object obj = Class.forName(cls).newInstance(); Method[] method = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethods(); List<Element> list = bean.getChildren( "property" ); for (Element el : list) { for ( int n = 0 ; n < method.length; n++) { String name = method[n].getName(); String temp = null ; //找到属性对应的setter方法进行赋值 if (name.startsWith( "set" )) { temp = name.substring( 3 , name.length()).toLowerCase(); if (el.getAttribute( "name" ) != null ) { if (temp.equals(el.getAttribute( "name" ).getValue())) { method[n].invoke(obj, el.getAttribute( "value" ).getValue()); } } } } } map.put(id, obj); } } public Object getBean(String name) { return map.get(name); } } |
测试
实体类User的定义:
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@Component public class User { private String username; private String password; public User(String username, String password) { this .username = username; this .password = password; } public User() { } //省略getter,setter方法 } |
在UserServiceImpl类中添加@Component注解,并使用@AutoWired注解注入容器中的IUerDao接口的实现类UserDaoImpl。
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@Component public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @AutoWired private IUserDao userDao; @Override public void login(User user) { System.out.println( "调用UserDaoImpl的login方法" ); userDao.loginByUsername(user); } } |
UserDaoImpl类同样添加@Component注解
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@Component public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao { @Override public void loginByUsername(User user) { System.out.println( "验证用户【" +user.getUsername()+ "】登录" ); } } |
在beans.xml中配置注册User类,文件beans.xml的内容如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans > < bean id = "user" class = "learn.reflection.entity.User" > < property name = "username" value = "张三" /> < property name = "password" value = "123" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
下面同时使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类和 ClassPathXMLApplicationContext类。
Bootstrap类作为启动类添加注解@ComponentScan,指定扫描learn.reflection.dao和learn.reflection.service这两个包。
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@ComponentScan (value = { "learn.reflection.dao" , "learn.reflection.service" }) public class Bootstrap { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(); applicationContext.initContextByAnnotation(); UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) applicationContext.getBean(IUserService. class ); ClassPathXMLApplicationContext xmlApplicationContext = new ClassPathXMLApplicationContext( "beans.xml" ); User user = (User) xmlApplicationContext.getBean( "user" ); System.out.println(user); userService.login(user); } } |
运行Bootstrap类,程序运行结果如下:
learn/reflection/dao
正在加载【learn.reflection.dao.IUserDao】 实例对象:learn.reflection.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl
learn/reflection/service
正在加载【learn.reflection.service.IUserService】 实例对象:learn.reflection.service.impl.UserServiceImpl
User{username='张三', password='123'}
调用UserDaoImpl的login方法
验证用户【张三】登录
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/huangjhai/article/details/106177527