在介绍SpringBoot的自动配置之前,先了解下注解@Import的使用,SpringBoot的@Enable*开头的注解底层依赖于@Import注解导入一些类,使用@Import导入的类会被Spring加载到IOC容器中,而@Import提供了以下4中用法:
- 直接导入Bean
- 通过配置类导入Bean
- 导入ImportSelector实现类,一般用于加载配置文件的类
- 导入ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现类
下面来分别介绍这几种用法。
直接导入Bean就比较简单了,新建一个User类
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public class User{ private String name; private String address; } |
然后在启动类上使用@Import注解导入即可
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@SpringBootApplication @Import (User. class ) public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(Application. class ,args); System.out.println(context.getBean(User. class )); } } |
这里需要注意的是,通过上下文获取Bean时,需要使用Bean的class,因为通过Bean的方式导入,Spring存入IOC容器,是用类的全类名存储的。可以使用上下文的getBeansOfType方法查看,返回的是Map对象。
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{com.tenghu.sbc.entity.User=User(name= null , age= 0 )} |
从返回的结果可以看出,key就是存的User的全类名。
通过配置类导入Bean,创建一个配置类;
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public class UserConfig { @Bean (name = "user" ) public User user(){ return new User(); } } |
然后通过@Import导入这个配置类
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@SpringBootApplication @Import (UserConfig. class ) public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(Application. class ,args); System.out.println(context.getBean(User. class )); } } |
通过配置类的方式可以在配置类里面定义多个Bean,当导入配置类时,配置类下定义的Bean都会被导入。
导入ImportSelector实现类
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public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector { @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { return new String[]{User. class .getName()}; } } |
实现ImportSelector类,必须实现selectImports,然后返回需要导入的Bean。与上面一样使用@Import导入这个实现类。
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@Import (MyImportSelector. class ) |
导入ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现类
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public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar { @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { BeanDefinition beanDefinition = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(User. class ).getBeanDefinition(); registry.registerBeanDefinition( "user" ,beanDefinition); } } |
使用方式一样,通过@Import导入
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@Import (MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar. class ) |
了解完@Import的使用,接下来可以来看下SpringBoot的自动配置是怎么处理的。从上面的启动类,使用SpringBoot就用了一个注解@SpringBootApplication,可以打开这个注解的源码看下:
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@Target ({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan ( excludeFilters = { @Filter ( type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {TypeExcludeFilter. class } ), @Filter ( type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter. class } )} ) public @interface SpringBootApplication |
用到这样一个注解@EnableAutoConfiguration注解。底层使用@Import导入上面第三种方式AutoConfigurationImportSelector。
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@Target ({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import ({AutoConfigurationImportSelector. class }) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration" ; Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; String[] excludeName() default {}; } |
进入源码找到实现了selectImports方法
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public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (! this .isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } else { AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata); return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()); } } |
通过调用方法getAutoConfigurationEntry
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protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (! this .isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return EMPTY_ENTRY; } else { AnnotationAttributes attributes = this .getAttributes(annotationMetadata); List<String> configurations = this .getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = this .removeDuplicates(configurations); Set<String> exclusions = this .getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); this .checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = this .getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations); this .fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions); } } |
这里主要的看调用这个方法getCandidateConfigurations,返回的就是要自动加载的Bean
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protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames( this .getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this .getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct." ); return configurations; } |
通过META-INF/spring.factories配置文件里的EnableAutoConfiguration获取配置的Bean
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# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ ..... |
太多了,有兴趣的可以查看Spring的xxx-autoconfigure包。将读取到的配置最终返回给selectImports,然后通过工具类StringUtils.toStringArray转换为字符串数组返回给@Import,从而实现自动配置。第三方包只要是xxx-autoconfigure结尾的包,META-INF都有spring.factories,这个名字是固定写法。都可以被SpringBoot识别并且进行自动配置,前提是需要配置到org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration下。
从以上总结来看,SpringBoot的自动配置原理如下:
- @EnableAutoConfiguration注解内部使用Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)来加载配置类
- 通过配置文件:META-INF/spring.factories,配置大量的配置类,SpringBoot启动时就会自动加载这些类并初始化的Bean。
这里需要说明一点,并不是所有配置到配置文件的Bean都会被初始化,需要符合配置类中使用Condition来加载满足条件的Bean。比如我们打开RedisAutoConfiguration的源码查看:
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@Configuration ( proxyBeanMethods = false ) @ConditionalOnClass ({RedisOperations. class }) @EnableConfigurationProperties ({RedisProperties. class }) @Import ({LettuceConnectionConfiguration. class , JedisConnectionConfiguration. class }) public class RedisAutoConfiguration { public RedisAutoConfiguration() { } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean ( name = { "redisTemplate" } ) @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (RedisConnectionFactory. class ) public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate (RedisConnectionFactory. class ) public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } } |
类上面有这么个注解@ConditionalOnClass({RedisOperations.class}),意思就是需要RedisOperations类存在的情况下,才自动加载;这还不算完,继续查看下面的方法上有个@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = {"redisTemplate"}),这里的意思是,当其他地方没有redisTemplate实例化这个Bean时,才自动加载。符合这两个条件,SpringBoot才会进行自动加载并初始化。
总结
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghu/p/15126447.html