服务器之家:专注于服务器技术及软件下载分享
分类导航

PHP教程|ASP.NET教程|Java教程|ASP教程|编程技术|正则表达式|C/C++|IOS|C#|Swift|Android|VB|R语言|JavaScript|易语言|vb.net|

服务器之家 - 编程语言 - Java教程 - SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

2021-10-06 11:39cgblpx Java教程

本篇文章主要介绍了SpringMVC前端和后端数据交互总结,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下。希望能给你带来帮助

一,创建day13的module

选中project-右键-new-module-选择maven-next-输入module名-finish

二,复习SpringMVC

–1,需求:访问/car/get ,获取汽车数据

SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

–2,创建RunApp类

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
package cn.tedu;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
//启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class RunApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RunApp.class);
    }
}

–3,创建Car类

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
package cn.tedu.pojo;
//Model用来封装数据
public class Car {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private double price;
    //Constructor构造方法,用来方便的new
    public Car(){}
    public Car(int id, String name, double price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
}

–4,创建CarController类

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
package cn.tedu.controller;
//MVC里的C层,用来接受请求和做出响应(springmvc)
import cn.tedu.pojo.Car;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController//接受请求,并把json数据返回
@RequestMapping("car"//规定了url地址的写法
public class CarController {
    @RequestMapping("get")
    public Car get(){
        Car c = new Car(10,"BMW",19.9);
        return c ;
    }
}

三,SpringMVC解析请求参数

SpringMVC框架,可以自动解析请求中,携带的参数。甚至可以直接封装成Java对象。而不必自己一个个解析参数。

–1,普通的GET提交

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
package cn.tedu.controller;
//MVC里的C层,用来接受请求和做出响应(springmvc)
import cn.tedu.pojo.Car;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController//接受请求,并把json数据返回
@RequestMapping("car"//规定了url地址的写法
public class CarController {
    //SpringMVC框架解析请求中的参数
    //http://localhost:8080/car/get5?id=10&name=BMW&price=9.9
    @RequestMapping("get5")
    public void get5(Car c){//springmvc框架会把请求的参数,封装给car对象
        System.out.println(c.getId()+c.getName()+c.getPrice());
    }
    //http://localhost:8080/car/get4?id=10&name=BMW
    @RequestMapping("get4")
    public void get4(Integer id,String name){
        //id是用来接受url里id的值,name用来接受url里name的值
        System.out.println(id+name);
    }
    //http://localhost:8080/car/get3?id=10
    @RequestMapping("get3")
//    public void get3(int id){ //参数是基本类型,访问这个方法必须带参数,否则有异常
    public void get3(Integer id){//参数是引用类型,访问这个方法没带参数就是null
        System.out.println(id);
    }
    //自己解析请求中的参数
    public void get2(){
        String url="http://localhost:8080/car/get2?id=10&name=BMW&price=9.9";
        //先按?切出来,取第二部分,再用&切出来参数名和参数值[id=10,name=BMW,price=9.9]
        String[] s = url.split("\\?")[1].split("&");
        for (String ss : s) {
            String key =  ss.split("=")[0];
            String value = ss.split("=")[1] ;
        }
    }
    @RequestMapping("get")
    public Car get(){
        Car c = new Car(10,"BMW",19.9);
        return c ;
    }
}

–2,RestFul提交

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
package cn.tedu.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//对比,请求参数的不同获取方式:get/restful
@RestController
@RequestMapping("car2")
public class CarController2 {
    //1.普通的get方式获取请求参数
    //解析参数:http://localhost:8080/car2/get?id=10&name=BMW&age=10&sex=1
    @RequestMapping("get")
    public String get(Integer id,String name,Integer age,Integer sex){
//        return id+name+age+sex ;//直接把结果展示在浏览器上
        return "{'id':'"+id+"'}" ;//组织成json串给浏览器展示
    }
    //2.restful方式获取请求参数:通过{}绑定地址中参数的位置 + 通过注解获取{???}的值
    //解析参数:http://localhost:8080/car2/get2/10/BMW/10/1
    @RequestMapping("get2/{id}/{name}/{x}/{y}")
    public void get2(@PathVariable Integer id,
                     @PathVariable String name,
                     @PathVariable   String x,
                     @PathVariable Integer y){
        System.out.println(id);
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(x);
        System.out.println(y);
    }
}

四,简单的前后端关联

–1,需求

点击页面的a,Get方式提交数据,交给框架解析参数

–2,创建html页面

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>用get方式提交数据给服务器</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <a href="http://localhost:8080/user/save?id=857&name=jack&age=666">点我提交数据get</a>
        <a href="http://localhost:8080/user/save2/857/jack/666">点我提交数据restful</a>
    </body>
</html>

–3,创建UserController类,解析参数

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
package cn.tedu.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
    //1. 解析get的请求参数 http://localhost:8080/user/save?id=857&name=jack&age=666
    @RequestMapping("save")
    public void save(Integer id,String name,Integer age){
        System.out.println(id+name+age);
    }
    //2. 解析restful的请求参数 http://localhost:8080/user/save2/857/jack/666
    //get和restful的区别?
         //get的好处是数据都在地址栏拼接,restful的好处是相对安全
        //restful主要是用来优化、简化get提交数据的写法
    @RequestMapping("save2/{x}/{y}/{z}")
    public void save2(@PathVariable Integer x,
                      @PathVariable String y,
                      @PathVariable Integer z){
        System.out.println(x+y+z);
    }
}

五,利用JDBC技术,把请求参数入库

SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

–1,添加jdbc的依赖(修改pom.xml)

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cgb2104boot01</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.tedu</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>day13</artifactId>
    <!--添加jar包的依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.48</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

–2,准备user表

?
1
2
3
4
5
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(3) default NULL,
  `name` varchar(10) default NULL,
  `age` int(2) default NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

–3,修改UserController类的save()

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
package cn.tedu.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
    //1. 解析get的请求参数 http://localhost:8080/user/save?id=857&name=jack&age=666
    @RequestMapping("save")
    public void save(Integer id,String name,Integer age) throws Exception {
//        System.out.println(id+name+age);
        /* 把解析出来的参数,利用jdbc技术入库*/
        //注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //获取连接
        String url ="jdbc:mysql:///cgb2104?characterEncoding=utf8&amp;serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai";
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"root","root");
        //获取传输器
//        String sql= "insert into user(id,name) values(?,?)";//给指定的字段设置值
        String sql= "insert into user values(?,?,?)";//所有字段设置值
        PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        //给SQL设置参数
        ps.setInt(1,id);//给第一个?设置值
        ps.setString(2,name);//给第二个?设置值
        ps.setInt(3,age);//给第三个?设置值
        //执行SQL
        int rows = ps.executeUpdate();
        //释放资源 -- OOM(OutOfMemory)
        ps.close();
        conn.close();
    }
    //2. 解析restful的请求参数 http://localhost:8080/user/save2/857/jack/666
    //get和restful的区别?
         //get的好处是数据都在地址栏拼接,restful的好处是相对安全
        //restful主要是用来优化、简化get提交数据的写法
    @RequestMapping("save2/{x}/{y}/{z}")
    public void save2(@PathVariable Integer x,
                      @PathVariable String y,
                      @PathVariable Integer z){
        System.out.println(x+y+z);
    }
}

–4,测试

SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

SpringMVC与前端交互案例教程

六、总结

本篇文章就到这里了,希望能给你带来帮助,也希望您能够多多关注服务器之家的更多内容!

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u012932876/article/details/117918962

延伸 · 阅读

精彩推荐