一、BIO(Blocking IO,也被称作old IO)
同步阻塞模型,一个客户端连接对应一个处理线程
对于每一个新的网络连接都会分配给一个线程,每隔线程都独立处理自己负责的输入和输出, 也被称为Connection Per Thread模式
缺点:
1、IO代码里read操作是阻塞操作,如果连接不做数据读写操作会导致线程阻塞,浪费资源
2、如果线程很多,会导致服务器线程太多,压力太大,比如C10K问题
所谓c10k问题,指的是服务器同时支持成千上万个客户端的问题,也就是concurrent 10 000 connection
应用场景: BIO 方式适用于连接数目比较小且固定的架构, 这种方式对服务器资源要求比较高, 但程序简单易理解。
示例代码如下:
Bio服务端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /** * @Title:BIO的服务端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/13 9:41 * @Description * @Version */ public class SocketServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket( 9000 ); while ( true ){ System.out.println( "等待连接..." ); Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println( "客户端" +clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+ "连接了!" ); handle(clientSocket); } } private static void handle(Socket clientSocket) throws IOException{ byte [] bytes = new byte [ 1024 ]; int read = clientSocket.getInputStream().read(bytes); System.out.println( "read 客户端" +clientSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress()+ "数据完毕" ); if (read != - 1 ){ System.out.println( "接收到客户端的数据:" + new String(bytes, 0 , read)); } clientSocket.getOutputStream().write( "HelloClient" .getBytes()); clientSocket.getOutputStream().flush(); } } |
Bio客户端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.Socket; /** * @Title:BIO的客户端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/13 9:49 * @Description * @Version */ public class SocketClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Socket socket = new Socket( "localhost" , 9000 ); //向服务端发送数据 socket.getOutputStream().write( "HelloServer" .getBytes()); socket.getOutputStream().flush(); System.out.println( "向服务端发送数据结束" ); byte [] bytes = new byte [ 1024 ]; //接收服务端回传的数据 socket.getInputStream().read(bytes); System.out.println( "接收到服务端的数据:" + new String(bytes)); socket.close(); } } |
二、NIO(Non Blocking IO,本意也作new IO)
同步非阻塞,服务器实现模式为 一个线程可以处理多个连接请求(连接),客户端发送的连接请求都会注册到多路复用器selector上,多路复用器轮询到连接有IO请求就进行处理,是在JDK1.4开始引入的。
应用场景:NIO方式适合连接数目多且连接比较短(轻操作)的架构,比如聊天服务器、弹幕系统、服务器之间通讯,编程相对复杂。
NIO 有三大核心组件: Channel(通道), Buffer(缓冲区),Selector(多路复用器)
1.channel类似于流,每个channel对应一个buffer缓冲区,buffer底层就是个数组
2.channel 会注册到selector上,由selector根据channel读写事件的发生将其交由某个空闲的线程处理
3.NIO的Buffer和Channel都是可读也可写的。
NIO的代码示例有两个
没有引入多路复用器的NIO
服务端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; /** * @Title:Nio服务端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 11:04 * @Description * @Version */ public class NioServer { /** * 保存客户端连接 */ static List<SocketChannel> channelList = new ArrayList<>(); public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //创建Nio ServerSocketChannel ServerSocketChannel serverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open(); serverSocket.socket().bind( new InetSocketAddress( 9000 )); //设置ServerSocketChannel为非阻塞 serverSocket.configureBlocking( false ); System.out.println( "Nio服务启动成功" ); while ( true ){ //非阻塞模式accept方法不会阻塞 /// NIO的非阻塞是由操作系统内部实现的,底层调用了linux内核的accept函数 SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocket.accept(); if (socketChannel != null ){ System.out.println( "连接成功" ); socketChannel.configureBlocking( false ); channelList.add(socketChannel); } Iterator<SocketChannel> iterator = channelList.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ SocketChannel sc = iterator.next(); ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 128 ); //非阻塞模式read方法不会阻塞 int len = sc.read(byteBuffer); if (len > 0 ){ System.out.println( "接收到消息:" + new String(byteBuffer.array())); } else if (len == - 1 ){ iterator.remove(); System.out.println( "客户端断开连接" ); } } } } } |
客户端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; /** * @Title:Nio客户端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 11:36 * @Description * @Version */ public class NioClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { SocketChannel socketChannel=SocketChannel.open( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost" , 9000 )); socketChannel.configureBlocking( false ); ByteBuffer writeBuffer=ByteBuffer.wrap( "HelloServer1" .getBytes()); socketChannel.write(writeBuffer); System.out.println( "向服务端发送数据1结束" ); writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap( "HelloServer2" .getBytes()); socketChannel.write(writeBuffer); System.out.println( "向服务端发送数据2结束" ); writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap( "HelloServer3" .getBytes()); socketChannel.write(writeBuffer); System.out.println( "向服务端发送数据3结束" ); } } |
引入了多路复用器的NIO
服务端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.*; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; /** * @Title:引入多路复用器后的NIO服务端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 13:57 * @Description * SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT —— 接收连接继续事件,表示服务器监听到了客户连接,服务器可以接收这个连接了 * SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT —— 连接就绪事件,表示客户与服务器的连接已经建立成功 * SelectionKey.OP_READ —— 读就绪事件,表示通道中已经有了可读的数据,可以执行读操作了(通道目前有数据,可以进行读操作了) * SelectionKey.OP_WRITE —— 写就绪事件,表示已经可以向通道写数据了(通道目前可以用于写操作) * * 1.当向通道中注册SelectionKey.OP_READ事件后,如果客户端有向缓存中write数据,下次轮询时,则会 isReadable()=true; * * 2.当向通道中注册SelectionKey.OP_WRITE事件后,这时你会发现当前轮询线程中isWritable()一直为true,如果不设置为其他事件 * @Version */ public class NioSelectorServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { /** * 创建server端,并且向多路复用器注册,让多路复用器监听连接事件 */ //创建ServerSocketChannel ServerSocketChannel serverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open(); serverSocket.socket().bind( new InetSocketAddress( 9000 )); //设置ServerSocketChannel为非阻塞 serverSocket.configureBlocking( false ); //打开selector处理channel,即创建epoll Selector selector = Selector.open(); //把ServerSocketChannel注册到selector上,并且selector对客户端的accept连接操作感兴趣 serverSocket.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); System.out.println( "NioSelectorServer服务启动成功" ); while ( true ){ //阻塞等待需要处理的事件发生 selector.select(); //获取selector中注册的全部事件的SelectionKey实例 Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator(); //遍历selectionKeys,对事件进行处理 while (iterator.hasNext()){ SelectionKey key = iterator.next(); //如果是OP_ACCEPT事件,则进行连接和事件注册 if (key.isAcceptable()){ ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel(); //接受客户端的连接 SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept(); socketChannel.configureBlocking( false ); //把SocketChannel注册到selector上,并且selector对客户端的read操作(即读取来自客户端的消息)感兴趣 socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); System.out.println( "客户端" +socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+ "连接成功!" ); } else if (key.isReadable()){ SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 128 ); int len = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer); if (len > 0 ){ System.out.println( "接收到客户端" +socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+ "发来的消息,消息内容为:" + new String(byteBuffer.array())); } else if (len == - 1 ){ System.out.println( "客户端断开连接" ); //关闭该客户端 socketChannel.close(); } } //从事件集合里删除本次处理的key,防止下次select重复处理 iterator.remove(); } } /** * NioSelectorServer服务启动成功 * 客户端/127.0.0.1:57070连接成功! * 接收到客户端/127.0.0.1:57070发来的消息,消息内容为:HelloServer * 客户端/127.0.0.1:57121连接成功! * 接收到客户端/127.0.0.1:57121发来的消息,消息内容为:HelloServer */ } } |
客户端
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import java.io.IOException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; /** * @Title:引入多路复用器后的NIO客户端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 14:39 * @Description * @Version */ public class NioSelectorClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(); socketChannel.configureBlocking( false ); Selector selector = Selector.open(); //要先向多路复用器注册,然后才可以跟服务端进行连接 socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); socketChannel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost" , 9000 )); while ( true ){ selector.select(); Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = keys.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ SelectionKey key = iterator.next(); iterator.remove(); if (key.isConnectable()){ SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); if (sc.finishConnect()){ System.out.println( "服务器连接成功" ); ByteBuffer writeBuffer=ByteBuffer.wrap( "HelloServer" .getBytes()); sc.write(writeBuffer); System.out.println( "向服务端发送数据结束" ); } } } } /** * 服务器连接成功 * 向服务端发送数据结束 */ } } |
三、AIO(Asynchronous IO) 即NIO2.0
异步非阻塞,由操作系统完成后回调通知服务端程序启动线程去处理,一般适用于连接数较多且连接时间较长的应用。
应用场景:AIO方式适用于连接数目多且连接时间较长(重操作)的架构(应用),JDK7开始支持。
著名的异步网络通讯框架netty之所以废弃了AIO,原因是:在Linux系统上,NIO的底层实现使用了Epoll,而AIO的底层实现仍使用Epoll,没有很好实现AIO,因此在性能上没有明显的优势,而且被JDK封装了一层不容易深度优 化,Linux上AIO还不够成熟
AIO示例代码如下:
服务端
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import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler; /** * @Title:Aio服务端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 17:05 * @Description * @Version */ public class AioServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { final AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open().bind( new InetSocketAddress( 9000 )); serverChannel.accept( null , new CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Object>() { @Override public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel, Object attachment) { try { System.out.println( "2--" +Thread.currentThread().getName()); //接收客户端连接 serverChannel.accept(attachment, this ); System.out.println( "客户端" +socketChannel.getRemoteAddress()+ "已连接" ); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 128 ); socketChannel.read(buffer, null , new CompletionHandler<Integer, Object>() { @Override public void completed(Integer result, Object attachment) { System.out.println( "3--" +Thread.currentThread().getName()); //flip方法将Buffer从写模式切换到读模式 //如果没有,就是从文件最后开始读取的,当然读出来的都是byte=0时候的字符。通过buffer.flip();这个语句,就能把buffer的当前位置更改为buffer缓冲区的第一个位置 buffer.flip(); System.out.println( new String(buffer.array(), 0 , result)); socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap( "hello Aio Client!" .getBytes())); } @Override public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) { exc.printStackTrace(); } }); } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) { } }); System.out.println( "1‐‐main" +Thread.currentThread().getName()); Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE); } /** * 1‐‐mainmain * 2--Thread-9 * 客户端/127.0.0.1:54821已连接 * 3--Thread-8 * hello AIO server ! * 2--Thread-9 * 客户端/127.0.0.1:54942已连接 * 3--Thread-7 * hello AIO server ! */ } |
客户端
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import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel; /** * @Title:Aio客户端 * @Author:wangchenggong * @Date 2021/4/14 16:56 * @Description * @Version */ public class AioClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建Aio客户端 AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open(); socketChannel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost" , 9000 )).get(); //发送消息 socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap( "hello AIO server !" .getBytes())); //接收消息 ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 128 ); Integer len = socketChannel.read(buffer).get(); if (len != - 1 ){ //客户端收到消息:hello Aio Client! System.out.println( "客户端收到消息:" + new String(buffer.array(), 0 , len)); } } } |
四、总结
BIO | NIO | AIO | |
IO模型 | 同步阻塞 | 同步非阻塞 | 异步非阻塞 |
编程难度 | 简单 | 复杂 | 复杂 |
可靠性 好 | 差 | 好 | 好 |
吞吐量 | 低 | 高 | 高 |
到此这篇关于java中BIO、NIO、AIO都有啥区别的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关java中BIO、NIO、AIO的区别内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/wangchenggong88/article/details/115490767