1、概述
官网:https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started
Ribbon目前也进入维护模式,未来替换方案:
LB(负载均衡)
集中式LB
进程内LB
Ribbon就是负载均衡+RestTemplate调用
2、Ribbon负载均衡演示
1、架构说明
总结:Ribbon其实就是一个软负载均衡的客户端组件,他可以和其他所需请求的客户端结合使用,和eureka结合只是其中的一个实例。
2、
3、二说RestTemplate的使用
官网
修改cloud-consumer-order80
getForObject方法/getForEntity方法
postForObject/postForEntity
- GET请求方法
- POST请求方法
4、依次2启动7001,7002,8001,8002,80。访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/getForEntity/31
3、Ribbon核心组件IRule
IRule:根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
Ribbon自带负载均衡算法:
如何替换负载均衡算法:修改cloud-consumer-order80
1、注意配置细节
2、新建package
3、在myrule下面新建配置类MySelfRule
- package com.liukai.myrule;
- import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
- import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- /**
- * @author liukai
- * @version 1.0.0
- * @ClassName MySelfRule.java
- * @Description TODO
- * @createTime 2021年03月21日 11:50:00
- */
- @Configuration
- public class MySelfRule {
- @Bean(name = "myRandomRule")
- public IRule myRule(){
- return new RandomRule();//定义为随机
- }
- }
4、主启动类添加@RibbonClient
- package com.liukai.springcloud;
- import com.liukai.myrule.MySelfRule;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
- import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
- /**
- * @author liukai
- * @version 1.0.0
- * @ClassName OrderMain80.java
- * @Description TODO
- * @createTime 2021年03月19日 18:27:00
- */
- @SpringBootApplication
- @EnableEurekaClient
- @RibbonClient(name = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class)
- public class OrderMain80 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class);
- }
- }
5、测试:依次启动7001,7002,8001,8002,cloud-consumer-order80
访问:http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31
多方问几次,可以发现查询的端口号是随机的,而不是交替出现了
4、Ribbon负载均衡算法
4.1 原理 + 源码
1、注释掉cloud-consumer-order80主启动类的@RibbonClient
2、原理
3、源码:
- public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
- if (lb == null) {
- log.warn("no load balancer");
- return null;
- }
- Server server = null;
- int count = 0;
- while (server == null && count++ < 10) {
- List<Server> reachableServers = lb.getReachableServers();
- List<Server> allServers = lb.getAllServers();
- int upCount = reachableServers.size();
- int serverCount = allServers.size();
- if ((upCount == 0) || (serverCount == 0)) {
- log.warn("No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb);
- return null;
- }
- int nextServerIndex = incrementAndGetModulo(serverCount);
- server = allServers.get(nextServerIndex);
- if (server == null) {
- /* Transient. */
- Thread.yield();
- continue;
- }
- if (server.isAlive() && (server.isReadyToServe())) {
- return (server);
- }
- // Next.
- server = null;
- }
- if (count >= 10) {
- log.warn("No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: "
- + lb);
- }
- return server;
- }
- /**
- * Inspired by the implementation of {@link AtomicInteger#incrementAndGet()}.
- *
- * @param modulo The modulo to bound the value of the counter.
- * @return The next value.
- */
- private int incrementAndGetModulo(int modulo) {
- for (;;) {
- int current = nextServerCyclicCounter.get();
- int next = (current + 1) % modulo;
- if (nextServerCyclicCounter.compareAndSet(current, next))
- return next;
- }
- }
4.2 手写负载均衡算法
1、修改8001,8002的controller
- // 手写负载均衡需要用到
- @GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb")
- public String getPaymentLB(){
- return serverPort;
- }
2、cloud-consumer-order80的ApplicationContextBean去掉@LoadBalanced
3、新建接口LoadBalancer
- package com.liukai.springcloud.lb;
- import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
- import java.util.List;
- /**
- * @author liukai
- * @version 1.0.0
- * @ClassName LoadBalancer.java
- * @Description TODO
- * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:24:00
- */
- public interface LoadBalancer {
- //收集服务器总共有多少台能够提供服务的机器,并放到list里面
- ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances);
- }
4、新建实现类MyLB
- package com.liukai.springcloud.lb;
- import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- /**
- * @author liukai
- * @version 1.0.0
- * @ClassName MyLB.java
- * @Description TODO
- * @createTime 2021年03月21日 12:27:00
- */
- @Component
- public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer {
- private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
- //坐标
- private final int getAndIncrement() {
- int current;
- int next;
- do {
- current = this.atomicInteger.get();
- next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1;
- } while (!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current, next)); //第一个参数是期望值,第二个参数是修改值是
- System.out.print("*******第几次访问,次数next: " + next);
- return next;
- }
- @Override
- public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) { //得到机器的列表
- int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size(); //得到服务器的下标位置
- System.out.println(" ====>端口:" + serviceInstances.get(index).getPort());
- return serviceInstances.get(index);
- }
- }
5、修改OrderController
- @Resource
- private LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
- @Resource
- private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
- @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb")
- public String getPaymentLB(){
- List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
- if (instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){
- return null;
- }
- // instances.forEach(System.out::println);
- // 使用手写的负载均衡算法获取服务
- ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances);
- // 获取服务的地址
- URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri();
- // 拼接地址访问
- return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class);
- }
6、测试:访问 http://localhost/consumer/payment/lb
发现访问的端口号开始轮询出现,手写负载均衡轮询算法成功
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Cool_Boy23955/article/details/115044624