SpringBoot MockMvc单元测试的示例代码_Java教程

为何使用mockmvc？

对模块进行集成测试时，希望能够通过输入url对controller进行测试，如果通过启动服务器，建立http client进行测试，这样会使得测试变得很麻烦，比如，启动速度慢，测试验证不方便，依赖网络环境等，所以为了可以对controller进行测试，我们引入了mockmvc。

mockmvc实现了对http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到controller的调用，这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境，而且提供了一套验证的工具，这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。

mockmvcbuilder

mockmvc是spring测试下的一个非常好用的类，他们的初始化需要在setup中进行。

mockmvcbuilder是用来构造mockmvc的构造器，其主要有两个实现：standalonemockmvcbuilder和defaultmockmvcbuilder，前者继承了后者。

① mockmvcbuilders.webappcontextsetup(webapplicationcontext context)：指定webapplicationcontext，将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的mockmvc；

② mockmvcbuilders.standalonesetup(object... controllers)：通过参数指定一组控制器，这样就不需要从上下文获取了，比如this.mockmvc = mockmvcbuilders.standalonesetup(this.controller).build();

这些builder还提供了其他api，可以自行百度

1.添加测试依赖

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									<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

									 <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion>

									 <groupid>top.ytheng</groupid>

									 <artifactid>springboot-demo</artifactid>

									 <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version>

									 <packaging>jar</packaging>

									 <parent>

									    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>

									    <version>2.0.5.release</version>

									    <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->

									  </parent>

									  <properties>

									    <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding>

									    <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding>

									    <java.version>1.8</java.version>

									  </properties>

									  <dependencies>

									    <dependency>

									      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>

									    </dependency>

									    <dependency>

									      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>

									      <scope>test</scope>

									    </dependency>

									    <dependency>

									      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactid>

									    </dependency>

									    <dependency>

									      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									      <artifactid>spring-boot-devtools</artifactid>

									      <optional>true</optional>

									       <scope>true</scope>

									    </dependency>

									  </dependencies>

									  <build>

									    <plugins>

									      <plugin>

									        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>

									        <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>

									      </plugin>

									    </plugins>

									  </build>

									</project>

2.添加mocmvc测试类

SpringBoot MockMvc单元测试的示例代码

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									package top.ytheng.demo;

									import org.junit.test;

									import org.junit.runner.runwith;

									import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;

									import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.autoconfiguremockmvc;

									import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest;

									import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.springrunner;

									import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.mockmvc;

									import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.mvcresult;

									import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.mockmvcrequestbuilders;

									import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.mockmvcresultmatchers;

									//底层用junit springjunit4classrunner

									@runwith(springrunner.class)

									//启动整个springboot工程

									@springboottest(classes= {demoapplication.class})

									//鼠标选中springboottestdemo后执行run as -> junit test可以同时执行多个测试

									@autoconfiguremockmvc

									public class mockmvctestdemo {

									  @autowired

									  private mockmvc mockmvc;

									  @test

									  public void mocktest() throws exception {

									    mvcresult mockresult = mockmvc.perform(mockmvcrequestbuilders.get("/file/testpath")).

									        andexpect(mockmvcresultmatchers.status().isok()).andreturn();

									    int status = mockresult.getresponse().getstatus();

									    system.out.println(status);

									  }

									}

3.添加测试控制器

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									package top.ytheng.demo.controller;

									import org.springframework.stereotype.controller;

									import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;

									import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.responsebody;

									@controller

									@requestmapping("/file")

									public class filecontroller {

									  @requestmapping("/testpath")

									  @responsebody

									  private object testpath() {

									    return filepath;

									  }

									}

4.添加启动类

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									package top.ytheng.demo;

									import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;

									import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;

									@springbootapplication //等于下面3个

									//@springbootconfiguration

									//@enableautoconfiguration

									//@componentscan

									public class demoapplication {

									  public static void main(string[] args) {

									    springapplication.run(demoapplication.class, args);

									  }

									}