Spring官网上有一篇Getting Start,介绍了如何使用Docker发布Spring Boot应用,算是比较详细了,不过有些细节没有提及到,而且官网的入门手册是英文版。这里重新整理记录一下,算是给英文不好的小伙伴一个参考,也给自己留个备忘。
准备
需要的工具以及运行环境:
- JDK 1.8 or later
- Maven 3.0 +
- 你喜欢的IDE或其他文本编辑器
创建工程
首先,你需要创建一个Spring Boot工程,Spring Tool Suite和IntelliJ IDEA都自带插件可以创建,还有一种方式是从http://start.spring.io/上创建,推荐使用这种方式。填好表单中的Group Id
和Artifact Id
之后,点击Generate Project按钮就可以生成了,将下载后的工程导入到你喜欢的IDE中。
修改pom.xml文件,添加docker-maven-plugin:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion > < groupId >org.matrixstudio.springboot</ groupId > < artifactId >docker</ artifactId > < version >0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</ version > < packaging >jar</ packaging > < name >docker</ name > < description >Demo project for Spring Boot</ description > < parent > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-parent</ artifactId > < version >1.5.2.RELEASE</ version > < relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </ parent > < properties > < project.build.sourceEncoding >UTF-8</ project.build.sourceEncoding > < project.reporting.outputEncoding >UTF-8</ project.reporting.outputEncoding > < java.version >1.8</ java.version > < docker.image.prefix >springio</ docker.image.prefix > </ properties > < dependencies > < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-web</ artifactId > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-starter-test</ artifactId > < scope >test</ scope > </ dependency > </ dependencies > < build > < plugins > < plugin > < groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-boot-maven-plugin</ artifactId > </ plugin > <!-- Docker maven plugin --> < plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.3</ version > < configuration > < imageName >${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</ imageName > < dockerDirectory >src/main/docker</ dockerDirectory > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > </ project > |
docker-maven-plugin插件用于将Spring Boot工程构建为Docker镜像:
- imageName表示Docker镜像名称,我们使用Docker的命名规范,命名为:springio/docker
- dockerDirectory表示Dockerfile的路径
- resource表示在构建时需要的资源文件,这些文件和Dockerfile放在一起,这里只需要Spring Boot生成的jar文件即可。
打开DockerApplication.java
文件,修改成如下内容:
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package org.matrixstudio.springboot; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class DockerApplication { @RequestMapping ( "/" ) public String home() { return "Hello Docker World" ; } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DockerApplication. class , args); } } |
编译并运行
执行如下命令运行Spring Boot工程:
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mvn package && java -jar target/docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar |
打开浏览器,输入http://localhost:8080
,如果出现“Hello Docker World”说明运行成功。
注:运行上面的命令时,需要从Maven官方仓库中下载很多依赖包,国内网络不太稳定,下载速度较慢,可考虑使用第三方提供的镜像站,比如阿里的Maven镜像仓库。在pom.xml中加入下面配置:
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< project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion > < groupId >org.matrixstudio.springboot</ groupId > < artifactId >docker</ artifactId > < version >0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</ version > < packaging >jar</ packaging > <!-- Dependencies --> ...... <!-- Build --> ...... <!-- Aliyun repository --> < repositories > < repository > < id >central</ id > < name >aliyun</ name > < url >http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</ url > < releases > < enabled >true</ enabled > </ releases > </ repository > </ repositories > </ project > |
容器化项目
首先要确保你的机器上安装了Docker,如果你的Docker安装在一台Linux服务器上,你需要将上面的Spring Boot工程上传到该服务器上,下面的步骤假设你是在Linux环境上操作。
创建Dockerfile
Docker使用一个名为Dockerfile
的文件来指定image层,所以我们首先需要创建一个Dockerfile
文件,执行下面的命令创建Dockerfile
文件:
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sudo tee src/main/docker/Dockerfile <<-'EOF' FROM frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8:slim VOLUME /tmp ADD docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar RUN sh -c 'touch /app.jar' ENV JAVA_OPTS="" ENTRYPOINT [ "sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -jar /app.jar" ] EOF |
大概解释一下上面的命令:
- VOLUME指向了一个/tmp的目录,由于Spring Boot使用内置的Tomcat容器,Tomcat默认使用/tmp作为工作目录。效果就是在主机的/var/lib/docker目录下创建了一个临时文件,并连接到容器的/tmp。
- 将项目的jar文件作为app.jar添加到容器
- RUN表示在新创建的镜像中执行一些命令,然后把执行的结果提交到当前镜像。这里使用touch命令来改变文件的修改时间,Docker创建的所有容器文件默认状态都是“未修改”。这对于简单应用来说不需要,不过对于一些静态内容(比如:index.html)的文件就需要一个“修改时间”。
- 为了缩短Tomcat的启动时间,我们添加一个java.security.egd的系统属性指向/dev/urandom作为ENTRYPOINT。
构建Docker镜像
运行下面的命令构建Docker镜像:
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mvn package docker:build |
构建完成后,运行下面的命令查看:
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sudo docker images |
结果为:
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
springio/docker latest 7e2ba2f7e81e 2 minutes ago 195 MB
frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 slim 00d8610f052e 4 days ago 167 MB
可以看到我们构建的镜像已经出现了,下一步就是运行该镜像。
运行Docker镜像
执行下面的命令来运行上一步构建的Docker镜像:
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sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 -t springio /docker |
如果不出意外,你将看到下面的输出内容:
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. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.2.RELEASE) 2017-03-08 03:34:59.434 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication : Starting DockerApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT on 00eed53e6928 with PID 6 (/app.jar started by root in /) 2017-03-08 03:34:59.445 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2017-03-08 03:34:59.752 INFO 6 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4b9af9a9: startup date [Wed Mar 08 03:34:59 GMT 2017]; root of context hierarchy 2017-03-08 03:35:03.755 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2017-03-08 03:35:03.807 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat 2017-03-08 03:35:03.821 INFO 6 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11 2017-03-08 03:35:04.042 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2017-03-08 03:35:04.043 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4303 ms 2017-03-08 03:35:04.441 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/] 2017-03-08 03:35:04.455 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*] 2017-03-08 03:35:04.457 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*] 2017-03-08 03:35:04.468 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*] 2017-03-08 03:35:04.468 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*] 2017-03-08 03:35:05.110 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4b9af9a9: startup date [Wed Mar 08 03:34:59 GMT 2017]; root of context hierarchy 2017-03-08 03:35:05.390 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String org.matrixstudio.springboot.DockerApplication.home() 2017-03-08 03:35:05.402 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse) 2017-03-08 03:35:05.404 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) 2017-03-08 03:35:05.512 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2017-03-08 03:35:05.512 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2017-03-08 03:35:05.639 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler] 2017-03-08 03:35:06.019 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup 2017-03-08 03:35:06.168 INFO 6 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) 2017-03-08 03:35:06.183 INFO 6 --- [ main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication : Started DockerApplication in 7.893 seconds (JVM running for 8.743) 2017-03-08 03:35:56.728 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2017-03-08 03:35:56.728 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started 2017-03-08 03:35:56.774 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 43 ms |
执行以下命令,查看正在运行的Docker容器:
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sudo docker ps |
可以看到已经有一个Docker容器在运行了:
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 00eed53e6928 springio/docker "sh -c 'java $JAVA..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp fervent_leavitt |
现在输入http://localhost:8080可以查看到“Hello Docker World”结果。
如果要停止容器,可以执行下面的命令:
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sudo docker stop 00e |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://lw900925.github.io/docker/docker-springboot.html