最近开始接触SpringMVC这个框架,这个框架使用起来很方便,框架搭起来之后,写起代码几乎都是一个模式。当然要走到这一步必须保证你的SpringMVC的相关配置都已经完成,并且配置正确!
作为我的关于S平ringMVC的首篇博客,本篇博客主要说名如何配置SpringMVC,并且可以使之正常的返回Bean实体,这里的bean实体一般返回到前端都是以Json字符串的形式返回的。
使用的开发工具为eclipse,这个也是比较大众化的开发工具了,算的上是人人都会使用的了,只是熟练程度不一样!
具体的配置如下:
web.xml:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.1" > < context-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value > </ context-param > < listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > </ listener > < display-name >ReturnJsonDemo</ display-name > < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > < servlet > < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > </ web-app > |
dispatcher-servlet.xml:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.zyq.springmvc.controller" > < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Service" /> </ context:component-scan > < context:annotation-config /> < mvc:annotation-driven > < mvc:message-converters > < bean class = "org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" > < property name = "supportedMediaTypes" > < list > < value >text/plain;charset=UTF-8</ value > < value >text/html;charset=UTF-8</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > < bean class = "org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" > < property name = "supportedMediaTypes" > < list > < value >application/json; charset=UTF-8</ value > < value >application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > </ mvc:message-converters > </ mvc:annotation-driven > </ beans > |
还有一个applicationContext.xml,不过我的里面什么都没有写,我就不给出了!
新建一个index.jsp,这个作为主界面用来测试各个接口的返回值是否正常!这里也给出代码:
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> < html > < head > < meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" > < title >Main Page</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >Welcome Main Page!!!</ h1 > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/first" > < input type = "submit" value = "first" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/second" > < input type = "submit" value = "second" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/third" > < input type = "submit" value = "third" /> </ form > < form action = "/ReturnJsonDemo/fourth" > < input type = "submit" value = "fourth" /> </ form > </ body > </ html > |
到这里基本上配置方面的都完成了,然后是申明一个Controller,具体的代码也比较简单,基本上都是固定的格式!
MainController.java
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package com.zyq.springmvc.controller; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.zyq.springmvc.bean.CommonBean; import com.zyq.springmvc.bean.SonBean; @Controller public class MainController { @RequestMapping("/first") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getFirst(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); bean.setData("this is first message"); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/second") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getSecond(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); List< String > data = new ArrayList<>(); data.add("JAVA"); data.add("C"); data.add("PYTHON"); data.add("C++"); bean.setData(data); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/third") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getThird(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); Map< String , String> data = new HashMap<>(); data.put("first", "JAVA"); data.put("second","PYTHON"); data.put("third", "C++"); data.put("fourth", "C"); bean.setData(data); return bean; } @RequestMapping("/fourth") @ResponseBody public CommonBean getFourth(){ CommonBean bean = new CommonBean(); bean.setResultCode("success"); bean.setTimeStamp(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss").format(System.currentTimeMillis())); SonBean sonBean = new SonBean(); sonBean.setAge(25); sonBean.setName("Hacker's Delight"); sonBean.setGender("male"); bean.setData(sonBean); return bean; } } |
代码的运行效果如下:
好像不同浏览器对于接口的请求操作不一样,在使用eclipse请求接口,会让下载一个json文件,文件的内容就是一个json字符串。
在配置完整的工程需要用到springframework的jar包,jackson的相关jar包,我使用的tomcat8.5在运行的时候提示报错,需要引入common-log的jar包。
在声明一个返回json字符串的接口时,一定要使用@ResponseBody注解,这个注解会将接口的返回数据写入response中的body区域,也就是重新传回前端。
在我测试的时候遇到一个问题,在返回bean的时候,只能返回类包裹,不能返回类继承或者接口继承,举个例子:
如果你返回一个ParentBean,其内部包含一个ChildBean,这样是ok!
如果在接口定义时,返回的是一个父类,而实际返回的是它的子类,这时候汇报错误,提示无法将子类转换成父类,就相当于你不能将String对象转换成object对象,关于这方面应该是根据父类无法查找子类的属性,导致无法正常将bean对象转换成json字符串,所以在框架中不允许在接口中声明bean而返回的是bean的子类(这些原因都只是个人猜测,具体的原因还需要分析框架中的代码)!
好了,关于返回json字符串就说到这里了!附上demo的源码,需要的jar包也在里面,需要的可以自己去下载!
以上这篇使用SpringMVC返回json字符串的实例讲解就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u011043551/article/details/79056184