在 java web开发过程中,难免会有一些系统异常或人为产生一些异常。在 RESTful springboot 项目中如何优雅的处理?
分析:在RESTful 风格的springboot 项目中,返回的都是 body 对象,所以定义一个结果基类,其中包含 status,message,data(请求方法的返回结果),是比较合适的。
如果定义多个异常类进行处理,会比较麻烦。比如StudentNotExistsException、StudentExistsException。。。等,并且不能指定错误码,不方便前端根据错误码进行处理。
说明:一般的spring mvc模型处理流程如下
一般controller层 -> Service层 -> Dao层。
1.controller层,接受请求,进行分页,DTO对象封装操作。
2.service层,执行逻辑,控制并发,事务。
3.Dao层,与数据库交互。
使用一个学生表的处理进行说明:
1、定义常见的错误枚举 StudentExceptionEnum
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public enum StudentExceptionEnum { STUDENT_NOT_EXIST( 1004 , "学生不存在,请确认后再查" ), STUDENT_EXIST( 1005 , "学生已存在" ); private Integer status; private String comment; StudentExceptionEnum(Integer status, String comment) { this .status = status; this .comment = comment; } public Integer getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(Integer status) { this .status = status; } public String getComment() { return comment; } public void setComment(String comment) { this .comment = comment; } } |
2 定义一个基本的处理结果类 RequestResult
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@Data public class RequestResult { private String message; private Integer status; private Object data; public RequestResult(String message, Integer status, Object data) { this .message = message; this .status = status; this .data = data; } public RequestResult(String message, Integer status) { this .message = message; this .status = status; } public RequestResult(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) { this .message = message; this .status = requestExceptionEnum.getStatus(); } public RequestResult() { status = 200 ; message = "ok" ; } public static RequestResult OK(Object data) { RequestResult result = new RequestResult(); result.setData(data); return result; } public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, Integer status) { return new RequestResult(message, status); } public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) { return new RequestResult(message, requestExceptionEnum); } } |
3 实体类 Student
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@Data public class Student implements Serializable{ private String id; private String nickname; private String name; private int age; private String sex; private String address; @Override public String toString() { return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString( this ); } } |
4 处理请求,添加学生,nickname 必填项。此处只显示 Service 片段代码
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@Override public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) { if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null ) { studentDao.addStudent(student); System.out.println( "添加成功" ); student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname()); return RequestResult.OK(student); } else { return RequestResult.EXCEPTION( "用户" + student.getNickname() + "已存在" , StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST); } } |
5 此时,已经完成了基本的处理情况。下面就进行基本的测试了
5.1 添加一个新同学信息
5.2 再次添加让其出现异常测试
二、到此基本已大功告成,但是,对于基本的运行时异常没有处理,直接返回给前端会很不友好。所以要定义一个全局的 RuntimeException 异常处理类。
此处需要使用的关键标注: @ExceptionHandler
用法有两种 1)在处理请求的 Controller 中添加 @ExceptionHandler,此时该方法只会处理该 Controller 抛出的异常。
2)将其用在全局的异常处理类中,全局异常处理类需要使用 @RestControllerAdvice 或 @ControllerAdvice 标记
我们需要处理全局的 RuntimeException,所以我们使用第二种方法。当然,这样处理是为了客户友好型,我们还是要处理这种错误,怎么办?就需要将错误的信息记录下来,方便以后分析处理。此处使用 logger 进行记录。代码如下
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@RestControllerAdvice public class BaseExceptionHandler { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseExceptionHandler. class ); @ExceptionHandler (value = RuntimeException. class ) public RequestResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,Exception e) { logError(request,e); return RequestResult.EXCEPTION( "内部处理异常,工程师正在抓紧抢修,请稍后再来..." , 500 ); } public static void logError(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) { logger.error( "请求地址:" + request.getRequestURL()); logger.error( "请求方法:" + request.getMethod()); logger.error( "请求IP:" + getRemoteIp(request)); logger.error( "错误详情:" ); StackTraceElement[] error = e.getStackTrace(); for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : error) { logger.error(stackTraceElement.toString()); } } public static String getRemoteIp(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader( "X-Forwarded-For" ); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader( "Proxy-Client-IP" ); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader( "WL-Proxy-Client-IP" ); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader( "HTTP_CLIENT_IP" ); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader( "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" ); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); } } else if (ip.length() > 15 ) { String[] ips = ip.split( "," ); for ( int index = 0 ; index < ips.length; index++) { String strIp = (String) ips[index]; if (!( "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(strIp))) { ip = strIp; break ; } } } return ip; } } |
进行测试看是否生效:
修改添加学生信息代码如下:
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public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) { int a = 1 / 0 ; if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null ) { studentDao.addStudent(student); System.out.println( "添加成功" ); student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname()); return RequestResult.OK(student); } else { return RequestResult.EXCEPTION( "用户'" + student.getNickname() + "'已存在" , StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST); } } |
进行测试
后台打印错误信息
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2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求地址:http: //localhost:8080/demo1/student 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求方法:POST 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 请求IP: 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 错误详情: 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.service.StudentService.addStudent(StudentService.java: 71 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.controller.StudentController.addStudent(StudentController.java: 38 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: 62 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java: 43 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 498 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java: 209 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java: 136 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java: 102 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java: 870 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java: 776 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java: 87 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java: 991 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java: 925 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java: 978 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java: 881 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java: 661 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java: 855 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java: 742 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 231 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java: 52 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java: 123 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java: 99 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java: 107 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java: 109 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java: 107 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java: 81 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java: 107 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java: 200 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java: 107 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 193 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java: 166 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java: 199 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java: 96 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java: 496 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java: 140 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java: 81 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java: 87 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java: 342 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java: 803 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java: 66 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java: 790 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java: 1459 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java: 49 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 1142 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java: 617 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java: 61 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java: 745 ) 2018 - 03 - 26 17 : 01 : 19.133 WARN 9136 --- [nio- 8080 -exec- 2 ] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved exception caused by Handler execution: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero |
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springboot 错误处理小结,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaopengcheng/archive/2018/03/26/8652116.html