最近在做SaaS应用,数据库采用了单实例多schema的架构(详见参考资料1),每个租户有一个独立的schema,同时整个数据源有一个共享的schema,因此需要解决动态增删、切换数据源的问题。
在网上搜了很多文章后,很多都是讲主从数据源配置,或都是在应用启动前已经确定好数据源配置的,甚少讲在不停机的情况如何动态加载数据源,所以写下这篇文章,以供参考。
使用到的技术
- Java8
- Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis
- Druid连接池
- Lombok
- (以上技术并不影响思路实现,只是为了方便浏览以下代码片段)
思路
当一个请求进来的时候,判断当前用户所属租户,并根据租户信息切换至相应数据源,然后进行后续的业务操作。
代码实现
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TenantConfigEntity(租户信息) @EqualsAndHashCode (callSuper = false ) @Data @FieldDefaults (level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE) public class TenantConfigEntity { /** * 租户id **/ Integer tenantId; /** * 租户名称 **/ String tenantName; /** * 租户名称key **/ String tenantKey; /** * 数据库url **/ String dbUrl; /** * 数据库用户名 **/ String dbUser; /** * 数据库密码 **/ String dbPassword; /** * 数据库public_key **/ String dbPublicKey; } DataSourceUtil(辅助工具类,非必要) public class DataSourceUtil { private static final String DATA_SOURCE_BEAN_KEY_SUFFIX = "_data_source" ; private static final String JDBC_URL_ARGS = "?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useOldAliasMetadataBehavior=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull" ; private static final String CONNECTION_PROPERTIES = "config.decrypt=true;config.decrypt.key=" ; /** * 拼接数据源的spring bean key */ public static String getDataSourceBeanKey(String tenantKey) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(tenantKey)) { return null ; } return tenantKey + DATA_SOURCE_BEAN_KEY_SUFFIX; } /** * 拼接完整的JDBC URL */ public static String getJDBCUrl(String baseUrl) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(baseUrl)) { return null ; } return baseUrl + JDBC_URL_ARGS; } /** * 拼接完整的Druid连接属性 */ public static String getConnectionProperties(String publicKey) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(publicKey)) { return null ; } return CONNECTION_PROPERTIES + publicKey; } } |
DataSourceContextHolder
使用 ThreadLocal 保存当前线程的数据源key name,并实现set、get、clear方法;
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public class DataSourceContextHolder { private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceKey = new InheritableThreadLocal<>(); public static void setDataSourceKey(String tenantKey) { dataSourceKey.set(tenantKey); } public static String getDataSourceKey() { return dataSourceKey.get(); } public static void clearDataSourceKey() { dataSourceKey.remove(); } } |
DynamicDataSource(重点)
继承 AbstractRoutingDataSource (建议阅读其源码,了解动态切换数据源的过程),实现动态选择数据源;
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public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Autowired private ApplicationContext applicationContext; @Lazy @Autowired private DynamicDataSourceSummoner summoner; @Lazy @Autowired private TenantConfigDAO tenantConfigDAO; @Override protected String determineCurrentLookupKey() { String tenantKey = DataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey(); return DataSourceUtil.getDataSourceBeanKey(tenantKey); } @Override protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() { String tenantKey = DataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey(); String beanKey = DataSourceUtil.getDataSourceBeanKey(tenantKey); if (!StringUtils.hasText(tenantKey) || applicationContext.containsBean(beanKey)) { return super .determineTargetDataSource(); } if (tenantConfigDAO.exist(tenantKey)) { summoner.registerDynamicDataSources(); } return super .determineTargetDataSource(); } } |
DynamicDataSourceSummoner(重点中的重点)
从数据库加载数据源信息,并动态组装和注册spring bean,
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@Slf4j @Component public class DynamicDataSourceSummoner implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> { // 跟spring-data-source.xml的默认数据源id保持一致 private static final String DEFAULT_DATA_SOURCE_BEAN_KEY = "defaultDataSource" ; @Autowired private ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext; @Autowired private DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource; @Autowired private TenantConfigDAO tenantConfigDAO; private static boolean loaded = false ; /** * Spring加载完成后执行 */ @Override public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) { // 防止重复执行 if (!loaded) { loaded = true ; try { registerDynamicDataSources(); } catch (Exception e) { log.error( "数据源初始化失败, Exception:" , e); } } } /** * 从数据库读取租户的DB配置,并动态注入Spring容器 */ public void registerDynamicDataSources() { // 获取所有租户的DB配置 List<TenantConfigEntity> tenantConfigEntities = tenantConfigDAO.listAll(); if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(tenantConfigEntities)) { throw new IllegalStateException( "应用程序初始化失败,请先配置数据源" ); } // 把数据源bean注册到容器中 addDataSourceBeans(tenantConfigEntities); } /** * 根据DataSource创建bean并注册到容器中 */ private void addDataSourceBeans(List<TenantConfigEntity> tenantConfigEntities) { Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = Maps.newLinkedHashMap(); DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory) applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory(); for (TenantConfigEntity entity : tenantConfigEntities) { String beanKey = DataSourceUtil.getDataSourceBeanKey(entity.getTenantKey()); // 如果该数据源已经在spring里面注册过,则不重新注册 if (applicationContext.containsBean(beanKey)) { DruidDataSource existsDataSource = applicationContext.getBean(beanKey, DruidDataSource. class ); if (isSameDataSource(existsDataSource, entity)) { continue ; } } // 组装bean AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = getBeanDefinition(entity, beanKey); // 注册bean beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition(beanKey, beanDefinition); // 放入map中,注意一定是刚才创建bean对象 targetDataSources.put(beanKey, applicationContext.getBean(beanKey)); } // 将创建的map对象set到 targetDataSources; dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources); // 必须执行此操作,才会重新初始化AbstractRoutingDataSource 中的 resolvedDataSources,也只有这样,动态切换才会起效 dynamicDataSource.afterPropertiesSet(); } /** * 组装数据源spring bean */ private AbstractBeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(TenantConfigEntity entity, String beanKey) { BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition(DruidDataSource. class ); builder.getBeanDefinition().setAttribute( "id" , beanKey); // 其他配置继承defaultDataSource builder.setParentName(DEFAULT_DATA_SOURCE_BEAN_KEY); builder.setInitMethodName( "init" ); builder.setDestroyMethodName( "close" ); builder.addPropertyValue( "name" , beanKey); builder.addPropertyValue( "url" , DataSourceUtil.getJDBCUrl(entity.getDbUrl())); builder.addPropertyValue( "username" , entity.getDbUser()); builder.addPropertyValue( "password" , entity.getDbPassword()); builder.addPropertyValue( "connectionProperties" , DataSourceUtil.getConnectionProperties(entity.getDbPublicKey())); return builder.getBeanDefinition(); } /** * 判断Spring容器里面的DataSource与数据库的DataSource信息是否一致 * 备注:这里没有判断public_key,因为另外三个信息基本可以确定唯一了 */ private boolean isSameDataSource(DruidDataSource existsDataSource, TenantConfigEntity entity) { boolean sameUrl = Objects.equals(existsDataSource.getUrl(), DataSourceUtil.getJDBCUrl(entity.getDbUrl())); if (!sameUrl) { return false ; } boolean sameUser = Objects.equals(existsDataSource.getUsername(), entity.getDbUser()); if (!sameUser) { return false ; } try { String decryptPassword = ConfigTools.decrypt(entity.getDbPublicKey(), entity.getDbPassword()); return Objects.equals(existsDataSource.getPassword(), decryptPassword); } catch (Exception e) { log.error( "数据源密码校验失败,Exception:{}" , e); return false ; } } } |
spring-data-source.xml
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<!-- 引入jdbc配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location= "classpath:data.properties" ignore-unresolvable= "true" /> <!-- 公共(默认)数据源 --> <bean id= "defaultDataSource" class = "com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method= "init" destroy-method= "close" > <!-- 基本属性 url、user、password --> <property name= "url" value= "${ds.jdbcUrl}" /> <property name= "username" value= "${ds.user}" /> <property name= "password" value= "${ds.password}" /> <!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 --> <property name= "initialSize" value= "5" /> <property name= "minIdle" value= "2" /> <property name= "maxActive" value= "10" /> <!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间,单位是毫秒 --> <property name= "maxWait" value= "1000" /> <!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒 --> <property name= "timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value= "5000" /> <!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒 --> <property name= "minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value= "240000" /> <property name= "validationQuery" value= "SELECT 1" /> <!--单位:秒,检测连接是否有效的超时时间--> <property name= "validationQueryTimeout" value= "60" /> <!--建议配置为 true ,不影响性能,并且保证安全性。申请连接的时候检测,如果空闲时间大于timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效--> <property name= "testWhileIdle" value= "true" /> <!--申请连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效,做了这个配置会降低性能。--> <property name= "testOnBorrow" value= "true" /> <!--归还连接时执行validationQuery检测连接是否有效,做了这个配置会降低性能。--> <property name= "testOnReturn" value= "false" /> <!--Config Filter--> <property name= "filters" value= "config" /> <property name= "connectionProperties" value= "config.decrypt=true;config.decrypt.key=${ds.publickey}" /> </bean> <!-- 事务管理器 --> <bean id= "txManager" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" > <property name= "dataSource" ref= "multipleDataSource" /> </bean> <!--多数据源--> <bean id= "multipleDataSource" class = "a.b.c.DynamicDataSource" > <property name= "defaultTargetDataSource" ref= "defaultDataSource" /> <property name= "targetDataSources" > <map> <entry key= "defaultDataSource" value-ref= "defaultDataSource" /> </map> </property> </bean> <!-- 注解事务管理器 --> <!--这里的order值必须大于DynamicDataSourceAspectAdvice的order值--> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager= "txManager" order= "2" /> <!-- 创建SqlSessionFactory,同时指定数据源 --> <bean id= "mainSqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" > <property name= "dataSource" ref= "multipleDataSource" /> </bean> <!-- DAO接口所在包名,Spring会自动查找其下的DAO --> <bean id= "mainSqlMapper" class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" > <property name= "sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value= "mainSqlSessionFactory" /> <property name= "basePackage" value= "a.b.c.*.dao" /> </bean> <bean id= "defaultSqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" > <property name= "dataSource" ref= "defaultDataSource" /> </bean> <bean id= "defaultSqlMapper" class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" > <property name= "sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value= "defaultSqlSessionFactory" /> <property name= "basePackage" value= "a.b.c.base.dal.dao" /> </bean> <!-- 其他配置省略 --> |
DynamicDataSourceAspectAdvice
利用AOP自动切换数据源,仅供参考;
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@Slf4j @Aspect @Component @Order ( 1 ) // 请注意:这里order一定要小于tx:annotation-driven的order,即先执行DynamicDataSourceAspectAdvice切面,再执行事务切面,才能获取到最终的数据源 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy (proxyTargetClass = true ) public class DynamicDataSourceAspectAdvice { @Around ( "execution(* a.b.c.*.controller.*.*(..))" ) public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) throws Throwable { ServletRequestAttributes sra = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); HttpServletRequest request = sra.getRequest(); HttpServletResponse response = sra.getResponse(); String tenantKey = request.getHeader( "tenant" ); // 前端必须传入tenant header, 否则返回400 if (!StringUtils.hasText(tenantKey)) { WebUtils.toHttp(response).sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST); return null ; } log.info( "当前租户key:{}" , tenantKey); DataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceKey(tenantKey); Object result = jp.proceed(); DataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceKey(); return result; } } |
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Spring动态注册多数据源的实现方法,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!
原文链接:https://juejin.im/post/5a5e262d5188257328217036