关于Spring-IoC的简单使用参考:
1、通过set方法注入不同数据类型
测试类代码(set方式注入的属性一定要加set方法)
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/**通过set方法注入示例*/ public class IoC_By_Set { /**注入Integer类型参数*/ private Integer id; /**注入String类型参数*/ private String name; /**注入实体Bean*/ private User user; /**注入数组*/ private Object[] array; /**注入List集合*/ private List<Object> list; /**注入Set集合*/ private Set<Object> set; /**注入Map键值对*/ private Map<Object, Object> map; /**注入properties类型*/ private Properties properties; /**注入空字符串*/ private String emptyValue; /**注入null值*/ private String nullValue = "" ; /**检测注入的属性是否全部正确*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "id:" + id); } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (name == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "name:" + name); } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "Bean:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (array == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "array:" ); for (Object object : array) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (list == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "list:" ); for (Object object : list) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (set == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "set:" ); for (Object object : set) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (map == null ) { return false ; } else { Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = map.entrySet(); System.out.println( "map:" ); for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue()); } } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (properties == null ) { return false ; } else { Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = properties.entrySet(); System.out.println( "properties:" ); for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue()); } } System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (! "" .equals(emptyValue)) return false ; System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); if (!( null == nullValue)) return false ; System.out.println( "--------------------------" ); System.out.println( "全部正确!!!" ); return true ; } public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } public void setArray(Object[] array) { this .array = array; } public void setList(List<Object> list) { this .list = list; } public void setSet(Set<Object> set) { this .set = set; } public void setMap(Map<Object, Object> map) { this .map = map; } public void setProperties(Properties properties) { this .properties = properties; } public void setEmptyValue(String emptyValue) { this .emptyValue = emptyValue; } public void setNullValue(String nullValue) { this .nullValue = nullValue; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- set方式注入 --> <!-- 注入id属性 --> < property name = "id" value = "1" /> <!-- 使用<![CDATA[]]>标记处理XML特 殊字符 --> < property name = "name" > <!-- 也可以使用P&G --> < value > <![CDATA[P&G]]> </ value > </ property > <!-- 定义内部Bean注入 --> < property name = "user" > < bean class = "com.bc.pojo.User" > < property name = "id" value = "1" /> < property name = "userName" value = "内部Bean" /> < property name = "passWord" value = "233" /> </ bean > </ property > <!-- 注入数组类型 --> < property name = "array" > < array > <!-- 定义数组元素 --> < value >array01</ value > < value >array02</ value > < value >array03</ value > </ array > </ property > <!-- 注入List类型 --> < property name = "list" > < list > <!-- 定义list中元素 --> < value >list01</ value > < value >list02</ value > < value >list03</ value > </ list > </ property > <!-- 注入Set类型 --> < property name = "set" > < set > <!-- 定义set中元素 --> < value >set01</ value > < value >set02</ value > < value >set03</ value > </ set > </ property > <!-- 注入Map类型 --> < property name = "map" > < map > <!-- 定义map中的键值对 --> < entry > < key > < value >mapKey01</ value > </ key > < value >mapValue01</ value > </ entry > < entry > < key > < value >mapKey02</ value > </ key > < value >mapValue02</ value > </ entry > </ map > </ property > <!-- 注入properties类型 --> < property name = "properties" > < props > <!-- 定义properties中的键值对 --> < prop key = "propKey1" >propValue1</ prop > < prop key = "propKey2" >propValue2</ prop > </ props > </ property > <!-- 注入空字符串 --> < property name = "emptyValue" > < value ></ value > </ property > <!-- 注入null值 --> < property name = "nullValue" > < null /> </ property > </ bean > |
测试代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void SetTest() { IoC_By_Set ioc = (IoC_By_Set) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_Set" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台结果:
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id:1 -------------------------- name:P&G -------------------------- Bean:1|内部Bean|233 -------------------------- array: array01 array02 array03 -------------------------- list: list01 list02 list03 -------------------------- set: set01 set02 set03 -------------------------- map: mapKey01|mapValue01 mapKey02|mapValue02 -------------------------- properties: propKey2|propValue2 propKey1|propValue1 -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- 全部正确!!! |
2、通过构造方法注入各种类型属性
注意:使用JDK1.8版本请将spring相关jar包升级到4.x版本以上,否则不兼容构造方法注入
测试类代码
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/** 通过构造方法注入示例 */ public class IoC_By_Constructor { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; private List<Object> list; public IoC_By_Constructor() { } public IoC_By_Constructor(Integer id, String name, User user, List<Object> list) { this .id = id; this .name = name; this .user = user; this .list = list; } /**检查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "id:" + id); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (name == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "name:" + name); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (list == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "list:" ); for (Object object : list) { System.out.println(object.toString()); } } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); System.out.println( "全部正确!!!" ); return true ; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- 构造方法注入 演示几种类型--> < bean id = "ioC_By_Constructor" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo02.IoC_By_Constructor" > <!-- 注入Integer属性,可以选择使用index指定参数位置,也可以选择使用type指定参数类型 --> < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "1" type = "java.lang.Integer" /> <!-- 注入字符串 --> < constructor-arg value = "P&G" /> <!-- 注入对象 --> < constructor-arg > <!-- 内建对象 --> < bean class = "com.bc.pojo.User" > < constructor-arg value = "1" /> < constructor-arg value = "构造内部Bean" /> < constructor-arg value = "666" /> </ bean > </ constructor-arg > <!-- 注入集合 --> < constructor-arg > < list > < value >list01</ value > < value >list02</ value > < value >list03</ value > </ list > </ constructor-arg > </ bean > |
测试代码:
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void constructorTest() { IoC_By_Constructor ioc = (IoC_By_Constructor) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_Constructor" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台结果:
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id:1 ---------------------------- name:P&G ---------------------------- user:1|构造内部Bean|666 ---------------------------- list: list01 list02 list03 ---------------------------- 全部正确!!! |
3、自动注入(自动装配)
自动装配虽然能节省一些代码但是不推荐使用
测试类代码:
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/**自动装配注入*/ public class IoC_By_Auto { private User user; /**检查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "正确!!!" ); return true ; } /**自动装配的属性需要设置set方法*/ public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- 被自动装配获取的bean --> < bean id = "user" class = "com.bc.pojo.User" > < property name = "id" value = "1" /> < property name = "userName" value = "自动装配" /> < property name = "passWord" value = "233" /> </ bean > <!-- 自动装配的bean autowire:byName 根据类的属性名查找与之命名相同的id的bean进行装配 byType 根据类的属性类型查找唯一一个匹配类型的bean,如果有多个bean匹配则抛出异常 constructor 根据类的构造方法参数类型匹配对应的bean no 默认,表示不使用自动装配 default:由上级标签<beans>的default-autowire属性确定 --> < bean id = "ioC_By_Auto" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo03.IoC_By_Auto" autowire = "byName" ></ bean > |
测试代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void AutoTest() { IoC_By_Auto ioc = (IoC_By_Auto) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_Auto" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台结果
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user:1|自动装配|233 正确!!! |
以上使用的是byName模式,其他模式配置代码已经注明,不做测试。
4、使用P命名空间注入属性
测试类代码
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/**使用P命名空间注入*/ public class IoC_By_P { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /**检查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "id:" + id); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (name == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "name:" + name); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); System.out.println( "全部正确!!!" ); return true ; } //使用P命名空间注入属性需要设置set方法 public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- 使用P命名空间注入各种类型属性 --> < bean id = "user2" class = "com.bc.pojo.User" > < property name = "id" value = "1" /> < property name = "userName" value = "P" /> < property name = "passWord" value = "233" /> </ bean > < bean id = "ioC_By_P" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo04.IoC_By_P" p:id = "1" p:name = "命名空间" p:user-ref = "user2" ></ bean > |
测试代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void PTest() { IoC_By_P ioc = (IoC_By_P) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_P" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台结果
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id:1 ---------------------------- name:命名空间 ---------------------------- user:1|P|233 ---------------------------- 全部正确!!! |
5、使用注解方式注入
Spring在3.0以后,提供了基于Annotation(注解)的注入。
1.@Autowired-对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作,不推荐使用
2.@Qualifier-配合@Autowired来解决装配多个同类型的bean
3.@Resource-JSR-250标准注解,作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按byName自动注入
4.@PostConstruct-在方法上加上注解@PostConstruct,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行
5.@PreDestroy-在方法上加上注解@PreDestroy,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行
6.@Component-只需要在对应的类上加上一个@Component注解,就将该类定义为一个Bean,不推荐使用,推荐使用更加细化的三种:@Repository、@Service、@Controller
@Repository存储层Bean
@Service业务层Bean
@Controller展示层Bean
7.@Scope-定义Bean的作用范围
首先配置applicationContext.xml开启注解
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<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 --> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.bc.ioc.demo05" /> |
实体Bean加注解
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@Repository public class User { private Integer id = 1 ; private String userName = "注解注入" ; private String passWord = "233" ; public User() { super (); } public User(Integer id, String userName, String passWord) { super (); this .id = id; this .userName = userName; this .passWord = passWord; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public String getPassWord() { return passWord; } public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this .userName = userName; } public void setPassWord(String passWord) { this .passWord = passWord; } } |
测试类代码加注解
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/**使用注解注入属性*/ @Service ( "ioC_By_Annotation" ) public class IoC_By_Annotation { @Resource private User user; public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } /**检查是否注入成功*/ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "正确!!!" ); return true ; } } |
测试代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void annotationTest() { IoC_By_Annotation ioc = (IoC_By_Annotation) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_Annotation" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台输出
经测试使用注解注入如果applicationContext.xml配置有其他注入方式会报错,也会导致其他注入方式异常。
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user: 1 |注解注入| 233 正确!!! |
6、通过配置静态工厂方法Bean注入
静态工厂代码
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/**静态工厂*/ public class StaticFactory { public static Integer getId() { return 1 ; } public static String getName() { return "静态工厂" ; } public static User getUser() { return new User( 1 , "工厂User" , "666" ); } } |
测试类代码
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/** 通过静态工厂方式注入 */ public class IoC_By_StaticFactory { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /** 检查是否注入成功 */ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "id:" + id); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (name == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "name:" + name); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); System.out.println( "全部正确!!!" ); return true ; } /**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/ public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- 配置静态工厂方法Bean 其实就是将工厂方法返回的数值配置成Bean --> < bean id = "factory_id" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method = "getId" /> < bean id = "factory_name" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method = "getName" /> < bean id = "factory_user" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method = "getUser" /> <!-- 注入对应的静态工厂方法Bean --> < bean id = "ioC_By_StaticFactory" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo06.IoC_By_StaticFactory" > < property name = "id" ref = "factory_id" /> < property name = "name" ref = "factory_name" /> < property name = "user" ref = "factory_user" /> </ bean > |
测试代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void staticFactoryTest() { IoC_By_StaticFactory ioc = (IoC_By_StaticFactory) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_StaticFactory" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台输出结果
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id: 1 ---------------------------- name:静态工厂 ---------------------------- user: 1 |工厂User| 666 ---------------------------- 全部正确!!! |
7、通过实例工厂方法注入
与静态工厂区别在于实例工厂不是静态的,需要先new 一个实例工厂对象,才可以配置其方法,而new 的这个对象也由spring来管理
工厂代码
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/**实例工厂*/ public class Factory { public Integer getId() { return 1 ; } public String getName() { return "实例工厂" ; } public User getUser() { return new User( 1 , "实例工厂User" , "233" ); } } |
测试类代码
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/**实例工厂注入*/ public class IoC_By_Factory { private Integer id; private String name; private User user; /** 检查是否注入成功 */ public Boolean checkAttr() { if (id == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "id:" + id); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (name == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "name:" + name); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); if (user == null ) { return false ; } else { System.out.println( "user:" + user.getId() + "|" + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord()); } System.out.println( "----------------------------" ); System.out.println( "全部正确!!!" ); return true ; } /**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/ public void setId(Integer id) { this .id = id; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setUser(User user) { this .user = user; } } |
applicationContext.xml配置
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<!-- 配置实例工厂Bean --> < bean id = "factory" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo07.Factory" /> <!-- 配置实例工厂方法Bean --> < bean id = "f_id" factory-bean = "factory" factory-method = "getId" /> < bean id = "f_name" factory-bean = "factory" factory-method = "getName" /> < bean id = "f_user" factory-bean = "factory" factory-method = "getUser" /> <!-- 注入对应的实例工厂方法Bean --> < bean id = "ioC_By_Factory" class = "com.bc.ioc.demo07.IoC_By_Factory" > < property name = "id" ref = "f_id" /> < property name = "name" ref = "f_name" /> < property name = "user" ref = "f_user" /> </ bean > |
测试类代码
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public class IoC_Test { private ApplicationContext ctx; @Before public void load() { //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); } @Test public void factoryTest() { IoC_By_Factory ioc = (IoC_By_Factory) ctx.getBean( "ioC_By_Factory" ); ioc.checkAttr(); } } |
控制台输出
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id:1 ---------------------------- name:实例工厂 ---------------------------- user:1|实例工厂User|233 ---------------------------- 全部正确!!! |
总结
以上就是本文关于浅谈spring ioc的注入方式及注入不同的数据类型的全部内容,希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以继续参阅本站其他相关专题,如有不足之处,欢迎留言指出。感谢朋友们对本站的支持!
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_32588349/article/details/51554379