本文介绍了使用Maven插件构建Docker镜像的方法,分享给大家,具体如下:
工具
工欲善其事,必先利其器。笔者经过调研,有以下几款Docker的Maven插件进入笔者视野:
插件名称 |
官方地址 |
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docker-maven-plugin |
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docker-maven-plugin |
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docker-maven-plugin |
笔者从Stars、文档易用性以及更新频率三个纬度考虑,选用了第一款。
使用插件构建Docker镜像
简单使用
我们以之前的项目:microservice-discovery-eureka为例:
在pom.xml中添加下面这段
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< build > < plugins > <!-- docker的maven插件,官网:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin --> < plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.12</ version > < configuration > <!-- 注意imageName一定要是符合正则[a-z0-9-_.]的,否则构建不会成功 --> <!-- 详见:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin Invalid repository name ... only [a-z0-9-_.] are allowed--> < imageName >microservice-discovery-eureka</ imageName > < baseImage >java</ baseImage > < entryPoint >["java", "-jar", "/${project.build.finalName}.jar"]</ entryPoint > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > |
执行命令:
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mvn clean package docker:build |
我们会发现控制台有类似如下内容:
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[INFO] Building image microservice-discovery-eureka Step 1 : FROM java Pulling from library/java Digest: sha256:581a4afcbbedd8fdf194d597cb5106c1f91463024fb3a49a2d9f025165eb675f Status: Downloaded newer image for java:latest ---> ea40c858f006 Step 2 : ADD /microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar // ---> d1c174083bca Removing intermediate container 91913d847c20 Step 3 : ENTRYPOINT java -jar /microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar ---> Running in 0f2aeccdfd46 ---> d57b027ca65a Removing intermediate container 0f2aeccdfd46 Successfully built d57b027ca65a [INFO] Built microservice-discovery-eureka [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 01:38 min [INFO] Finished at: 2016-09-18T01:05:05-07:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 40M/198M |
恭喜,构建成功了。
我们执行docker images 会发现该镜像已经被构建成功:
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE microservice-discovery-eureka latest d57b027ca65a About a minute ago 681.5 MB |
启动镜像
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docker run -p 8761:8761 microservice-discovery-eureka |
我们会发现该Docker镜像会很快地启动。
访问测试
访问http://Docker宿主机IP:8761 ,能够正常看到Eureka界面。
使用Dockerfile进行构建
上文讲述的方式是最简单的方式,很多时候,我们还是要借助Dockerfile进行构建的,首先我们在/microservice-discovery-eureka/src/main/docker目录下,建立文件Dockerfile
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FROM java:8 VOLUME /tmp ADD microservice-discovery-eureka-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar RUN bash -c 'touch /app.jar' EXPOSE 9000 ENTRYPOINT ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-jar","/app.jar"] |
修改pom.xml
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< build > < plugins > <!-- docker的maven插件,官网:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin --> < plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.12</ version > < configuration > <!-- 注意imageName一定要是符合正则[a-z0-9-_.]的,否则构建不会成功 --> <!-- 详见:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin Invalid repository name ... only [a-z0-9-_.] are allowed--> < imageName >microservice-discovery-eureka-dockerfile</ imageName > <!-- 指定Dockerfile所在的路径 --> < dockerDirectory >${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</ dockerDirectory > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > |
其他步骤一样。这样即可使用Dockerfile进行构建Docker镜像啦。
将Docker镜像push到DockerHub上
首先修改Maven的全局配置文件settings.xml,添加以下段落
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< servers > < server > < id >docker-hub</ id > < username >你的DockerHub用户名</ username > < password >你的DockerHub密码</ password > < configuration > < email >你的DockerHub邮箱</ email > </ configuration > </ server > </ servers > |
在DockerHub上创建repo
项目pom.xml修改为如下:注意imageName的路径要和repo的路径一致
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< build > < plugins > <!-- docker的maven插件,官网:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin --> < plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.12</ version > < configuration > <!-- 注意imageName一定要是符合正则[a-z0-9-_.]的,否则构建不会成功 --> <!-- 详见:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin Invalid repository name ... only [a-z0-9-_.] are allowed --> <!-- 如果要将docker镜像push到DockerHub上去的话,这边的路径要和repo路径一致 --> < imageName >eacdy/test</ imageName > <!-- 指定Dockerfile所在的路径 --> < dockerDirectory >${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</ dockerDirectory > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > <!-- 以下两行是为了docker push到DockerHub使用的。 --> < serverId >docker-hub</ serverId > < registryUrl >https://index.docker.io/v1/</ registryUrl > </ configuration > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > |
执行命令:
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mvn clean package docker:build -DpushImage |
搞定,等构建成功后,我们会发现Docker镜像已经被push到DockerHub上了。
将镜像push到私有仓库
在很多场景下,我们需要将镜像push到私有仓库中去,这边为了讲解的全面性,私有仓库采用的是配置登录认证的私有仓库。
和push镜像到DockerHub中一样,我们首先需要修改Maven的全局配置文件settings.xml,添加以下段落
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< servers > < server > < id >docker-registry</ id > < username >你的DockerHub用户名</ username > < password >你的DockerHub密码</ password > < configuration > < email >你的DockerHub邮箱</ email > </ configuration > </ server > </ servers > |
将项目的pom.xml改成如下,
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< plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.12</ version > < configuration > <!-- 路径为:私有仓库地址/你想要的镜像路径 --> < imageName >reg.itmuch.com/test-pull-registry</ imageName > < dockerDirectory >${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</ dockerDirectory > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > <!-- 与maven配置文件settings.xml一致 --> < serverId >docker-registry</ serverId > </ configuration > </ plugin > |
执行:
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mvn clean package docker:build -DpushImage |
稍等片刻,将会push成功。
如果想要从私服上下载该镜像,执行:
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docker login reg.itmuch.com # 然后输入账号和密码 docker pull reg.itmuch.com /test-pull-registry |
将插件绑定在某个phase执行
在很多场景下,我们有这样的需求,例如执行mvn clean package 时,自动地为我们构建docker镜像,可以吗?答案是肯定的。我们只需要将插件的goal 绑定在某个phase即可。
所谓的phase和goal,可以这样理解:maven命令格式是:mvn phase:goal ,例如mvn package docker:build 那么,package 和 docker 都是phase,build 则是goal 。
下面是示例:
首先配置属性:
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< properties > < docker.image.prefix >reg.itmuch.com</ docker.image.prefix > </ properties > |
插件配置:
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< build > < plugins > < plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < executions > < execution > < id >build-image</ id > < phase >package</ phase > < goals > < goal >build</ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > < configuration > < imageName >${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</ imageName > < baseImage >java</ baseImage > < entryPoint >["java", "-jar", "/${project.build.finalName}.jar"]</ entryPoint > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > </ configuration > </ plugin > </ plugins > </ build > |
如上,我们只需要添加:
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< executions > < execution > < id >build-image</ id > < phase >package</ phase > < goals > < goal >build</ goal > </ goals > </ execution > </ executions > |
即可。本例指的是讲docker的build目标,绑定在package这个phase上。也就是说,用户只需要执行mvn package ,就自动执行了mvn docker:build 。
常见异常
连接不上2375(一般在Win7上出现)
Connect to localhost:2375 [localhost/127.0.0.1, localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1] failed: Connection refused: connect -> [Help 1]
解决步骤:
输入docker-machine env
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$Env:DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY = "1" $Env:DOCKER_HOST = "tcp://192.168.99.100:2376" $Env:DOCKER_CERT_PATH = "C:\Users\Administrator\.docker\machine\machines\default |
为插件添加配置
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<!-- 解决Connect to localhost:2375的问题的其中一种方式,注意要跟docker-machine env相一致 --> < dockerHost >https://192.168.99.100:2376</ dockerHost > < dockerCertPath >C:\Users\Administrator\.docker\machine\machines\default</ dockerCertPath > |
修改后插件配置变为:
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< plugin > < groupId >com.spotify</ groupId > < artifactId >docker-maven-plugin</ artifactId > < version >0.4.12</ version > < configuration > < imageName >eacdy/test</ imageName > < dockerDirectory >${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</ dockerDirectory > <!-- 解决Connect to localhost:2375的问题的其中一种方式,注意要跟docker-machine env相一致 --> < dockerHost >https://192.168.99.100:2376</ dockerHost > < dockerCertPath >C:\Users\Administrator\.docker\machine\machines\default</ dockerCertPath > < resources > < resource > < targetPath >/</ targetPath > < directory >${project.build.directory}</ directory > < include >${project.build.finalName}.jar</ include > </ resource > </ resources > <!-- 以下两行是为了docker push到DockerHub使用的。 --> < serverId >docker-hub</ serverId > < registryUrl >https://index.docker.io/v1/</ registryUrl > </ configuration > </ plugin > |
参考:https://github.com/spotify/docker-maven-plugin/issues/116
TIPS
- imageName必须符合正则[a-z0-9-_.],否则将会构建失败
- 插件默认使用localhost:2375去连接Docker,如果你的Docker端口不是2375,需要配置环境变量DOCKER_HOST=tcp://<host>:2375
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_22841811/article/details/67369530