python 网络编程详解及简单实例_Python

python 网络编程详解

网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix，各个平台（如windows、Linux等）、各门语言（C、C++、Python、Java等）所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来，懂得了Unix的socket网络编程，其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理，网络编程也就知道了，不同之处就在于每个平台，每个语言都有自己专享的语法，我们直接灵活套用就行了。

下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子，即依托于客户端-服务器的架构，实现客户端与服务器之间的单向“数据流通”。我们分别用两个方法来实现，一个方法是最原始的socket编程，另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现，目的是减少实现透明性，便于快速开发。

要求：客户端输入数据，发送到服务端，服务器端生成（时间戳+数据）的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种：面向连接的和无连接的，这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以，我们两种方法都进行实现。

一、Python socket编程

面向连接的TCP socket编程：

									# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

									 3 from socket import *

									from time import ctime 

									# Address and Port

									HOST = ''

									PORT = 21567

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BuffSize

									BUFSIZ = 1024

									# build socket

									tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

									# bind socket

									tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)

									# listen 5 client 

									tcpSerSock.listen(5)

									try:

									  while True:

									    print 'waiting for connection...'

									    # build client socket

									    tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()

									    print '...connect from:', addr

									    # accept data and process

									    while True:

									      data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)

									      if not data:

									        break

									      tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))

									      # close client socket 

									      tcpCliSock.close()

									except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:

									  tcpSerSock.close()

									# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

									from socket import *

									# Address and Port 

									HOST = '127.0.0.1'

									PORT = 21567

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BufferSize

									BUFSIZ = 1024

									#build socket 

									tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

									tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)

									while True:

									  data = raw_input('> ')

									  if not data:

									    break

									  # send data

									  tcpCliSocket.send(data)

									  # recv data

									  data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ)

									  if not data:

									    break

									  # show data

									  print data

									tcpCliSocket.close()

无连接的UDP socket编程

									# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

									from socket import *

									from time import ctime 

									# Address and Port 

									HOST = ''

									PORT = 8000

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BufferSize

									BUFFSIZE = 1024

									# build socket

									udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)

									# bind socket

									udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)

									try:

									  while True:

									    print 'waiting the message...'

									    data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE)

									    print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr

									    udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr)

									except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:

									  udpSerSock.close()

									# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

									from socket import *

									# Address and Port 

									HOST = 'localhost'

									PORT = 8000

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BufferSize

									BUFSIZ = 1024

									# build socket 

									udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)

									while True:

									  data = raw_input('> ')

									  udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR)

									  data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)

									  if not data:

									    break

									  print data 

									udpCliSock.close()

二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程

									# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

									from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH 

									from time import ctime 

									# Address and Port

									HOST = ''

									PORT = 21567

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BuffSize

									BUFSIZ = 1024

									# build RequestHandler

									class MyRequestHandler(SRH):

									  def handle(self):

									    print '...connected from: ', self.client_address

									    self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))

									# build TCPServer

									TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)

									print 'waiting for connection...'

									# loop to process

									TCPServ.serve_forever()

									# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

									from socket import *

									# Address and Port 

									HOST = '127.0.0.1'

									PORT = 21567

									ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

									# BufferSize

									BUFSIZ = 1024

									while True:

									  # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接，

									  # 得到请求，然后就关闭连接，所以需要多次连接

									  tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

									  tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

									  # process data

									  data = raw_input('> ')

									  if not data:

									    break

									  tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data)

									  data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)

									  if not data:

									    break

									  print data.strip()

									  tcpCliSock.close()