Beautiful Soup就是Python的一个HTML或XML的解析库,可以用它来方便地从网页中提取数据。它有如下三个特点:
- Beautiful Soup提供一些简单的、Python式的函数来处理导航、搜索、修改分析树等功能。它是一个工具箱,通过解析文档为用户提供需要抓取的数据,因为简单,所以不需要多少代码就可以写出一个完整的应用程序。
- Beautiful Soup自动将输入文档转换为Unicode编码,输出文档转换为UTF-8编码。你不需要考虑编码方式,除非文档没有指定一个编码方式,这时你仅仅需要说明一下原始编码方式就可以了。
- Beautiful Soup已成为和lxml、html6lib一样出色的Python解释器,为用户灵活地提供不同的解析策略或强劲的速度。
首先,我们要安装它:pip install bs4,然后安装 pip install beautifulsoup4.
Beautiful Soup支持的解析器
下面我们以lxml解析器为例:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup('<p>Hello</p>', 'lxml')
print(soup.p.string)
结果:
Hello
beautiful soup美化的效果实例:
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html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml' ) #调用prettify()方法。这个方法可以把要解析的字符串以标准的缩进格式输出 print (soup.prettify()) print (soup.title.string) |
结果:
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<html> <head> <title> The Dormouse's story </title> </head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"> <b> The Dormouse's story </b> </p> <p class="story"> Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link1"> <!-- Elsie --> </a> , <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link2"> Lacie </a> and <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3"> Tillie </a> ; and they lived at the bottom of a well. </p> <p class="story"> ... </p> </body> </html> The Dormouse's story |
下面举例说明选择元素、属性、名称的方法
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html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml' ) print ( '输出结果为title节点加里面的文字内容:\n' ,soup.title) print ( '输出它的类型:\n' , type (soup.title)) print ( '输出节点的文本内容:\n' ,soup.title.string) print ( '结果是节点加其内部的所有内容:\n' ,soup.head) print ( '结果是第一个p节点的内容:\n' ,soup.p) print ( '利用name属性获取节点的名称:\n' ,soup.title.name) #这里需要注意的是,有的返回结果是字符串,有的返回结果是字符串组成的列表。 # 比如,name属性的值是唯一的,返回的结果就是单个字符串。 # 而对于class,一个节点元素可能有多个class,所以返回的是列表。 print ( '每个节点可能有多个属性,比如id和class等:\n' ,soup.p.attrs) print ( '选择这个节点元素后,可以调用attrs获取所有属性:\n' ,soup.p.attrs[ 'name' ]) print ( '获取p标签的name属性值:\n' ,soup.p[ 'name' ]) print ( '获取p标签的class属性值:\n' ,soup.p[ 'class' ]) print ( '获取第一个p节点的文本:\n' ,soup.p.string) |
结果:
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输出结果为title节点加里面的文字内容: <title>The Dormouse's story</title> 输出它的类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 输出节点的文本内容: The Dormouse's story 结果是节点加其内部的所有内容: <head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 结果是第一个p节点的内容: <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 利用name属性获取节点的名称: title 每个节点可能有多个属性,比如id和class等: {'class': ['title'], 'name': 'dromouse'} 选择这个节点元素后,可以调用attrs获取所有属性: dromouse 获取p标签的name属性值: dromouse 获取p标签的class属性值: ['title'] 获取第一个p节点的文本: The Dormouse's story |
在上面的例子中,我们知道每一个返回结果都是bs4.element.Tag类型,它同样可以继续调用节点进行下一步的选择。
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html = """ < html >< head >< title >The Dormouse's story</ title ></ head > < body > """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print('获取了head节点元素,继续调用head来选取其内部的head节点元素:\n',soup.head.title) print('继续调用输出类型:\n',type(soup.head.title)) print('继续调用输出内容:\n',soup.head.title.string) |
结果:
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获取了head节点元素,继续调用head来选取其内部的head节点元素: <title>The Dormouse's story</title> 继续调用输出类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 继续调用输出内容: The Dormouse's story |
(1)find_all()
find_all,顾名思义,就是查询所有符合条件的元素。给它传入一些属性或文本,就可以得到符合条件的元素,它的功能十分强大。
find_all(name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs)
他的用法:
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html=''' < div class = "panel" > < div class = "panel-heading" > < h4 >Hello</ h4 > </ div > < div class = "panel-body" > < ul class = "list" id = "list-1" > < li class = "element" >Foo</ li > < li class = "element" >Bar</ li > < li class = "element" >Jay</ li > </ ul > < ul class = "list list-small" id = "list-2" > < li class = "element" >Foo</ li > < li class = "element" >Bar</ li > </ ul > </ div > </ div > ''' from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print('查询所有ul节点,返回结果是列表类型,长度为2:\n',soup.find_all(name='ul')) print('每个元素依然都是bs4.element.Tag类型:\n',type(soup.find_all(name='ul')[0])) #将以上步骤换一种方式,遍历出来 for ul in soup.find_all(name='ul'): print('输出每个u1:',ul.find_all(name='li')) #遍历两层 for ul in soup.find_all(name='ul'): print('输出每个u1:',ul.find_all(name='li')) for li in ul.find_all(name='li'): print('输出每个元素:',li.string) |
结果:
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查询所有ul节点,返回结果是列表类型,长度为2: [<ul class="list" id="list-1"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> <li class="element">Jay</li> </ul>, <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> </ul>] 每个元素依然都是bs4.element.Tag类型: <class 'bs4.element.Tag'> 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>] 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>] 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>] 输出每个元素: Foo 输出每个元素: Bar 输出每个元素: Jay 输出每个u1: [<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>] 输出每个元素: Foo 输出每个元素: Bar |
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao02fang/p/13269984.html