python爬虫是程序员们一定会掌握的知识，练习python爬虫时，很多人会选择爬取微博练手。python爬虫微博根据微博存在于不同媒介上，所爬取的难度有差异，无论是python新入手的小白，还是已经熟练掌握的程序员，可以拿来练手。本文介绍python爬取微博评论的代码实例。
一、爬虫微博
与QQ空间爬虫类似，可以爬取新浪微博用户的个人信息、微博信息、粉丝、关注和评论等。
爬虫抓取微博的速度可以达到 1300万/天 以上，具体要视网络情况。
难度程度排序：网页端>手机端>移动端。微博端就是最好爬的微博端。
二、python爬虫爬取微博评论
第一步：确定评论用户的id
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport reimport timeimport pandas as pdurls = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/comments/show?id=4073157046629802&page={}'headers = {'Cookies':'Your cookies', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36'} |
第二步：找到html标签
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tags = re.compile('</?\w+[^>]*>') |
第三步：设置提取评论function
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def get_comment(url):j = requests.get(url, headers=headers).json()comment_data = j['data']['data']for data in comment_data:try: |
第四步：利用正则表达式去除文本中的html标签
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comment = tags.sub('', data['text']) # 去掉html标签reply = tags.sub('', data['reply_text'])weibo_id = data['id']reply_id = data['reply_id']comments.append(comment)comments.append(reply)ids.append(weibo_id)ids.append(reply_id) |
第五步：爬取评论
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df = pd.DataFrame({'ID': ids, '评论': comments})df = df.drop_duplicates()df.to_csv('观察者网.csv', index=False, encoding='gb18030') |
实例扩展：
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Created : 2018/8/26 18:33# author ：GuoLi import requestsimport jsonimport timefrom lxml import etreeimport htmlimport refrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup class Weibospider: def __init__(self): # 获取首页的相关信息： self.start_url = 'https://weibo.com/u/5644764907?page=1&is_all=1' self.headers = { "accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8", "cache-control": "max-age=0", "cookie": 使用自己本机的cookie, "referer": "https://www.weibo.com/u/5644764907?topnav=1&wvr=6&topsug=1", "upgrade-insecure-requests": "1", "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.96 Safari/537.36", } self.proxy = { 'HTTP': 'HTTP://180.125.70.78:9999', 'HTTP': 'HTTP://117.90.4.230:9999', 'HTTP': 'HTTP://111.77.196.229:9999', 'HTTP': 'HTTP://111.177.183.57:9999', 'HTTP': 'HTTP://123.55.98.146:9999', } def parse_home_url(self, url): # 处理解析首页面的详细信息（不包括两个通过ajax获取到的页面） res = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers) response = res.content.decode().replace("\\", "") # every_url = re.compile('target="_blank" href="(/\d+/\w+\?from=\w+&wvr=6&mod=weibotime)" rel="external nofollow" ', re.S).findall(response) every_id = re.compile('name=(\d+)', re.S).findall(response) # 获取次级页面需要的id home_url = [] for id in every_id: base_url = 'https://weibo.com/aj/v6/comment/big?ajwvr=6&id={}&from=singleWeiBo' url = base_url.format(id) home_url.append(url) return home_url def parse_comment_info(self, url): # 爬取直接发表评论的人的相关信息(name,info,time,info_url) res = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers) response = res.json() count = response['data']['count'] html = etree.HTML(response['data']['html']) name = html.xpath("//div[@class='list_li S_line1 clearfix']/div[@class='WB_face W_fl']/a/img/@alt") # 评论人的姓名 info = html.xpath("//div[@node-type='replywrap']/div[@class='WB_text']/text()") # 评论信息 info = "".join(info).replace(" ", "").split("\n") info.pop(0) comment_time = html.xpath("//div[@class='WB_from S_txt2']/text()") # 评论时间 name_url = html.xpath("//div[@class='WB_face W_fl']/a/@href") # 评论人的url name_url = ["https:" + i for i in name_url] comment_info_list = [] for i in range(len(name)): item = {} item["name"] = name[i] # 存储评论人的网名 item["comment_info"] = info[i] # 存储评论的信息 item["comment_time"] = comment_time[i] # 存储评论时间 item["comment_url"] = name_url[i] # 存储评论人的相关主页 comment_info_list.append(item) return count, comment_info_list def write_file(self, path_name, content_list): for content in content_list: with open(path_name, "a", encoding="UTF-8") as f: f.write(json.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False)) f.write("\n") def run(self): start_url = 'https://weibo.com/u/5644764907?page={}&is_all=1' start_ajax_url1 = 'https://weibo.com/p/aj/v6/mblog/mbloglist?ajwvr=6&domain=100406&is_all=1&page={0}&pagebar=0&pl_name=Pl_Official_MyProfileFeed__20&id=1004065644764907&script_uri=/u/5644764907&pre_page={0}' start_ajax_url2 = 'https://weibo.com/p/aj/v6/mblog/mbloglist?ajwvr=6&domain=100406&is_all=1&page={0}&pagebar=1&pl_name=Pl_Official_MyProfileFeed__20&id=1004065644764907&script_uri=/u/5644764907&pre_page={0}' for i in range(12): # 微博共有12页 home_url = self.parse_home_url(start_url.format(i + 1)) # 获取每一页的微博 ajax_url1 = self.parse_home_url(start_ajax_url1.format(i + 1)) # ajax加载页面的微博 ajax_url2 = self.parse_home_url(start_ajax_url2.format(i + 1)) # ajax第二页加载页面的微博 all_url = home_url + ajax_url1 + ajax_url2 for j in range(len(all_url)): print(all_url[j]) path_name = "第{}条微博相关评论.txt".format(i * 45 + j + 1) all_count, comment_info_list = self.parse_comment_info(all_url[j]) self.write_file(path_name, comment_info_list) for num in range(1, 10000): if num * 15 < int(all_count) + 15: comment_url = all_url[j] + "&page={}".format(num + 1) print(comment_url) try: count, comment_info_list = self.parse_comment_info(comment_url) self.write_file(path_name, comment_info_list) except Exception as e: print("Error:", e) time.sleep(60) count, comment_info_list = self.parse_comment_info(comment_url) self.write_file(path_name, comment_info_list) del count time.sleep(0.2) print("第{}微博信息获取完成！".format(i * 45 + j + 1)) if __name__ == '__main__': weibo = Weibospider() weibo.run() |
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