测试结果：
整个买票流程可以再快一点，不过为了稳定起见，有些地方等待了一些时间
完整程序，拿去可用
整个程序分了三个模块：购票模块（主体）、验证码识别模块、余票查询模块
购票模块：
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from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException, ElementNotVisibleExceptionimport timeimport requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodefrom pyquery import PyQuery as pqfrom check_ticket import Checkfrom verify import Codeimport jsonclass Buy_Ticket(): def __init__(self, start_station, end_station, date, username, password, purpose): self.num = 1 self.start = start_station self.end = end_station self.date = date self.username = username self.password = password self.purpose = purpose self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init' self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init' def login(self): browser.get(self.login_url) try: input_name = browser.find_element_by_id('username') input_pd = browser.find_element_by_id('password') button = browser.find_element_by_id('loginSub') time.sleep(1) input_name.send_keys(self.username) input_pd.send_keys(self.password) c = Code(browser) #调用验证码识别模块 c.main() button.click() time.sleep(2) #等待页面跳转，如果验证码识别错误，就执行下面的while语句 while browser.current_url == self.login_url + '#': c = Code(browser) c.main() button.click() time.sleep(2) #self.get_passenger() self.check() except NoSuchElementException: self.login() def check(self): #调用余票查询模块 check = Check(self.date, self.start, self.end, self.purpose) start_end = check.look_up_station() self.num = check.get_info() #cookie的添加，json.dumps把以汉字形式呈现的起始、终点站转化成unicode编码，可在审查元素里查看cookie browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.start).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[0]}) browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_toStation', 'value':json.dumps(self.end).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[1]}) browser.add_cookie({'name':'_jc_save_fromDate', 'value':self.date}) browser.get(self.ticket_url) if self.purpose == '学生': btn = browser.find_element_by_id('sf2') time.sleep(1) btn.click() button = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket') time.sleep(1) button.click() def book_ticket(self): print('开始预订车票...') #先查找出所有车次对应的预订按钮，再根据余票查询模块返回的车次序号，点击相应的预订按钮 button = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('btn72') button[self.num-1].click() time.sleep(3) button2 = browser.find_element_by_id('normalPassenger_0') #按实际情况，可自行修改，这里就选择的第一个常用联系人， #第二个是normalPassenger_1，依此类推 button2.click() button3 = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id') time.sleep(1) button3.click() time.sleep(3) #等待页面加载完毕，不然后面可能会报错,等待时间自行决定 try: button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id') button4.click() except ElementNotVisibleException: button4 = browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id') button4.click() print('车票预定成功！请在30分钟内完成付款！') def main(self): self.login() self.book_ticket()if __name__ == '__main__': begin = time.time() browser = webdriver.Chrome() b = Buy_Ticket('上海', '重庆', '2018-09-18', '账号', '密码', 'ADULT') #账号、密码自行修改 b.main() end = time.time() print('总耗时：%d秒' % int(end-begin)) #browser.close() |
验证码识别模块：
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import requestsfrom PIL import Imagefrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsimport timefrom io import BytesIOclass Code(): def __init__(self, browser): self.browser = browser self.verify_url = 'http://littlebigluo.qicp.net:47720/' #验证码识别网址，返回识别结果 #确定验证码的位置 def get_position(self): time.sleep(3) element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par') time.sleep(2) location = element.location size = element.size position= (location['x'], location['y'], location['x'] + size['width'], location['y'] + size['height']) return position #截取整个网页页面 def get_screenshot(self): screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png() screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot)) return screenshot #从截取的网页，裁剪出验证码图片，并保存到本地 def get_touclick_img(self, name = 'captcha.png'): position = self.get_position() print('验证码的位置:', position) screenshot = self.get_screenshot() captcha = screenshot.crop(position) captcha.save('captcha.png') #验证码解析 def parse_img(self): files = {'file': open('captcha.png', 'rb')} #打开保存到本地的验证码图片 response = requests.post(self.verify_url, files=files) num = response.text.split('<B>')[1].split('<')[0] print('验证码识别成功！图片位置：%s' % num) try: if int(num): return [int(num)] except ValueError: num = list(map(int,num.split())) return num #识别结果num都以列表形式返回，方便后续验证码的点击 #实现验证码自动点击 def move(self): num = self.parse_img() try: element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('touclick-img-par') for i in num: if i <= 4: ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),73).click().perform() else : i -= 4 ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),145).click().perform() except: print('元素不可选！') def main(self): self.get_touclick_img() self.move() |
余票查询模块：
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import requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodeclass Check(): def __init__(self, date, start, end, purpose): self.base_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryA?' self.url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018' self.date = date self.start_station = start self.end_station = end if purpose == '学生': self.purpose = '0X00' else: self.purpose = purpose #查找出车站的英文简称，用于构造cookie、完整的余票查询链接 def look_up_station(self): response1 = requests.get(self.url) a = response1.text.split('@') a.pop(0) for each in a: i = each.split('|') if self.start_station == i[1]: self.start_station = i[2] elif self.end_station == i[1]: self.end_station = i[2] return [self.start_station, self.end_station] def get_info(self): start_end = self.look_up_station() #构造请求参数 data = { 'leftTicketDTO.train_date':self.date, 'leftTicketDTO.from_station':start_end[0], 'leftTicketDTO.to_station':start_end[1], 'purpose_codes':self.purpose } url = self.base_url + urlencode(data) response = requests.get(url) json = response.json() maps = json['data']['map'] count = 0 #用于对车次编号 for each in json['data']['result']: count += 1 s = each.split('|')[3:] info = { 'train':s[0], 'start_end':maps[s[3]] + '-' + maps[s[4]], 'time':s[5] + '-' + s[6], '历时':s[7], '一等座':s[-5], '二等座':s[-6] } try: #余票的结果有3种：有、一个具体的数字(如：18、6等)、无，判断如果余票是有或者一个具体的数字就直接输出对应的车次信息，然后返回 if info['二等座'] == '有' or int(info['二等座']): print('[%d]' % count, info) return count except ValueError: continue |
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python + selenium + requests实现12306全自动抢票及验证码破解加自动点击功能，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！
原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/mumengyun/p/10001109.html
