在Tensorflow卷积神经网络实例这篇博客中,我们实现了一个简单的卷积神经网络,没有复杂的Trick。接下来,我们将使用CIFAR-10数据集进行训练。
CIFAR-10是一个经典的数据集,包含60000张32*32的彩色图像,其中训练集50000张,测试集10000张。CIFAR-10如同其名字,一共标注为10类,每一类图片6000张。
本文实现了进阶的卷积神经网络来解决CIFAR-10分类问题,我们使用了一些新的技巧:
- 对weights进行了L2的正则化
- 对图片进行了翻转、随机剪切等数据增强,制造了更多样本
- 在每个卷积-最大池化层后面使用了LRN(局部响应归一化层),增强了模型的泛化能力
首先需要下载Tensorflow models Tensorflow models,以便使用其中的CIFAR-10数据的类.进入目录models/tutorials/image/cifar10目录,执行以下代码
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import cifar10 import cifar10_input import tensorflow as tf import numpy as np import time # 定义batch_size, 训练轮数max_steps, 以及下载CIFAR-10数据的默认路径 max_steps = 3000 batch_size = 128 data_dir = 'E:\\tmp\cifar10_data\cifar-10-batches-bin' # 定义初始化weight的函数,定义的同时,对weight加一个L2 loss,放在集'losses'中 def variable_with_weight_loss(shape, stddev, w1): var = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev = stddev)) if w1 is not None : weight_loss = tf.multiply(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), w1, name = 'weight_loss' ) tf.add_to_collection( 'losses' , weight_loss) return var # 使用cifar10类下载数据集,并解压、展开到其默认位置 #cifar10.maybe_download_and_extract() # 在使用cifar10_input类中的distorted_inputs函数产生训练需要使用的数据。需要注意的是,返回的是已经封装好的tensor, # 且对数据进行了Data Augmentation(水平翻转、随机剪切、设置随机亮度和对比度、对数据进行标准化) images_train, labels_train = cifar10_input.distorted_inputs(data_dir = data_dir, batch_size = batch_size) # 再使用cifar10_input.inputs函数生成测试数据,这里不需要进行太多处理 images_test, labels_test = cifar10_input.inputs(eval_data = True , data_dir = data_dir, batch_size = batch_size) # 创建数据的placeholder image_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [batch_size, 24 , 24 , 3 ]) label_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size]) # 创建第一个卷积层 weight1 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape = [ 5 , 5 , 3 , 64 ], stddev = 5e - 2 , w1 = 0.0 ) kernel1 = tf.nn.conv2d(image_holder, weight1, strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) bias1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.0 , shape = [ 64 ])) conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel1, bias1)) pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize = [ 1 , 3 , 3 , 1 ], strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) # LRN层对ReLU会比较有用,但不适合Sigmoid这种有固定边界并且能抑制过大值的激活函数 norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, 4 , bias = 1.0 , alpha = 0.001 / 9.0 , beta = 0.75 ) # 创建第二个卷积层 weight2 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape = [ 5 , 5 , 64 , 64 ], stddev = 5e - 2 , w1 = 0.0 ) kernel2 = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weight2, strides = [ 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) bias2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.1 , shape = [ 64 ])) conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel2, bias2)) norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4 , bias = 1.0 , alpha = 0.001 / 9.0 , beta = 0.75 ) pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize = [ 1 , 3 , 3 , 1 ], strides = [ 1 , 2 , 2 , 1 ], padding = 'SAME' ) # 使用一个全连接层 reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [batch_size, - 1 ]) dim = reshape.get_shape()[ 1 ].value weight3 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape = [dim, 384 ], stddev = 0.04 , w1 = 0.004 ) bias3 = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.1 , shape = [ 384 ])) local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weight3) + bias3) # 再使用一个全连接层,隐含节点数下降了一半,只有192个,其他的超参数保持不变 weight4 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape = [ 384 , 192 ], stddev = 0.04 , w1 = 0.004 ) bias4 = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.1 , shape = [ 192 ])) local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weight4) + bias4) # 最后一层,将softmax放在了计算loss部分 weight5 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape = [ 192 , 10 ], stddev = 1 / 192.0 , w1 = 0.0 ) bias5 = tf.Variable(tf.constant( 0.0 , shape = [ 10 ])) logits = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weight5), bias5) # 定义loss def loss(logits, labels): labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64) cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits = logits, labels = labels, name = 'cross_entropy_per_example' ) cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name = 'cross_entropy' ) tf.add_to_collection( 'losses' , cross_entropy_mean) return tf.add_n(tf.get_collection( 'losses' ), name = 'total_loss' ) # 获取最终的loss loss = loss(logits, label_holder) # 优化器 train_op = tf.train.AdamOptimizer( 1e - 3 ).minimize(loss) # 使用tf.nn.in_top_k函数求输出结果中top k的准确率,默认使用top 1,也就是输出分数最高的那一类的准确率 top_k_op = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, label_holder, 1 ) # 使用tf.InteractiveSession创建默认的session,接着初始化全部模型参数 sess = tf.InteractiveSession() tf.global_variables_initializer().run() # 启动图片数据增强线程 tf.train.start_queue_runners() # 正式开始训练 for step in range (max_steps): start_time = time.time() image_batch, label_batch = sess.run([images_train, labels_train]) _, loss_value = sess.run([train_op, loss], feed_dict = {image_holder: image_batch, label_holder: label_batch}) duration = time.time() - start_time if step % 10 = = 0 : example_per_sec = batch_size / duration sec_per_batch = float (duration) format_str = 'step %d, loss=%.2f ,%.1f examples/sec, %.3f sec/batch' print (format_str % (step, loss_value, example_per_sec, sec_per_batch)) num_examples = 10000 import math num_iter = int (math.ceil(num_examples / batch_size)) true_count = 0 total_sample_count = num_iter * batch_size step = 0 while step < num_iter: image_batch, label_batch = sess.run([images_test, labels_test]) predictions = sess.run([top_k_op], feed_dict = {image_holder: image_batch, label_holder: label_holder}) true_count + = np. sum (predictions) step + = 1 precision = true_count / total_sample_count print ( 'precision @ 1 = %.3f' % precision) |
运行结果:
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/XJY104165/article/details/78563081