Python3中使用urllib的方法详解(header,代理,超时,认证,异常处理)_Python

我们可以利用urllib来抓取远程的数据进行保存哦，以下是python3 抓取网页资源的多种方法，有需要的可以参考借鉴。

1、最简单

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									import urllib.request

									response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')

									html = response.read()

2、使用 Request

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									import urllib.request

									req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')

									response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

									the_page = response.read()

3、发送数据

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									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import urllib.parse

									import urllib.request

									url = 'http://localhost/login.php'

									user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'

									values = {

									'act' : 'login',

									'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',

									'login[password]' : '123456'

									}

									data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)

									req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)

									req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')

									response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

									the_page = response.read()

									print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

4、发送数据和header

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									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import urllib.parse

									import urllib.request

									url = 'http://localhost/login.php'

									user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'

									values = {

									'act' : 'login',

									'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com',

									'login[password]' : '123456'

									}

									headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }

									data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)

									req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)

									response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

									the_page = response.read()

									print(the_page.decode("utf8"))

5、http 错误

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import urllib.request

									req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.zzvips.com ')

									try:

									urllib.request.urlopen(req)

									except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:

									print(e.code)

									print(e.read().decode("utf8"))

6、异常处理1

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									from urllib.request import Request, urlopen

									from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError

									req = Request("http://www.zzvips.com /")

									try:

									response = urlopen(req)

									except HTTPError as e:

									print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')

									print('Error code: ', e.code)

									except URLError as e:

									print('We failed to reach a server.')

									print('Reason: ', e.reason)

									else:

									print("good!")

									print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

7、异常处理2

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									from urllib.request import Request, urlopen

									from urllib.error import URLError

									req = Request("http://www.zzvips.com /")

									try:

									response = urlopen(req)

									except URLError as e:

									if hasattr(e, 'reason'):

									print('We failed to reach a server.')

									print('Reason: ', e.reason)

									elif hasattr(e, 'code'):

									print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')

									print('Error code: ', e.code)

									else:

									print("good!")

									print(response.read().decode("utf8"))

8、HTTP 认证

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import urllib.request

									# create a password manager

									password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()

									# Add the username and password.

									# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.

									top_level_url = "http://www.zzvips.com /"

									password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'rekfan', 'xxxxxx')

									handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)

									# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)

									opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)

									# use the opener to fetch a URL

									a_url = "http://www.zzvips.com /"

									x = opener.open(a_url)

									print(x.read())

									# Install the opener.

									# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.

									urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

									a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')

									print(a)

9、使用代理

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import urllib.request

									proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})

									opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)

									urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

									a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.zzvips.com ").read().decode("utf8")

									print(a)

10、超时

									#! /usr/bin/env python3

									import socket

									import urllib.request

									# timeout in seconds

									timeout = 2

									socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)

									# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout

									# we have set in the socket module

									req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.zzvips.com /')

									a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()

									print(a)