首先感谢一下润和软件,指引我走上了spring MVC Web开发的道路。
下面进入正题
搭建开发环境:
Netbeans8.0.2 + MySql5.6 + JDK1.7 + tomcat8.0.15
- 本次采用的Spring MVC Jar包如下:
- spring-aop-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-beans-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-context-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-context-support-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-core-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-expression-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-jdbc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-oxm-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-tx-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-web-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
- spring-webmvc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
1.首先创建Web项目
web.mvc
2.引入所有的jar文件
3.配置web.xml
做web开发的都知道,web.xml是项目的入口,我们既然使用spring那么当然要添加Spring的支持啦!
spring默认加载的是applicationContext.xml,由于我们需要集成MyBatis
所以我把Spring的配置文件强制指定名称,并与MyBatis一起配置,减少配置文件数量
先指定spring配置文件名名称与路径
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<!-- Spring 上下文参数 加载Spring配置文件 --> < context-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:xmlconfig/springmvc-mybatis.xml</ param-value > </ context-param > |
再执行Spring上下文监听配置
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< listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > </ listener > |
添加支持Spring mvc 的配置
说明:添加支持目前有3种方式。
第一种:拦截 /*.do
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<!-- spring mvc 拦截器配置 --> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:/xmlconfig/springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/*.do</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
优势:拦截明确,不会和其他的拦截冲突
缺点:URL不美观
第二种:拦截 /*
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<!-- spring mvc 拦截器配置 --> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:/xmlconfig/springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
优点:支持rest风格,Url美观
缺点:会拦截静态资源
第三种,也是我推荐的一种:拦截 /
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<!-- spring mvc 拦截器配置 --> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:/xmlconfig/springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
优点:支持rest风格,URL美观,不拦截静态资源
我们采用第三种做为我们的拦截方案,将配置添加到web.xml中。
大家都知道,web项目最怕的就是乱码,而spring为我们提供了字符编码的过滤器,我们也给配置到web.xml中
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<!-- 字符编码配置 --> < filter > < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name >encoding</ param-name > < param-value >UTF-8</ param-value > </ init-param > < init-param > < param-name >forceEncoding</ param-name > < param-value >true</ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
我们采用的是tomcat服务器,为了让静态的资源直接交给tomcat处理,所以我们在web.xml中配置了以下配置
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<!-- 激活Tomcat的defaultServlet来处理静态文件 --> < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.jpg</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.gif</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.png</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.js</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.css</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
4.配置springmvc-mybatis.xml和springmvc-servlet.xml
相信很多人都在这里卡主了,因为配置实在是太多了,各种方式都有
为了不妨碍大家,我决定直接将完整的配置直接贴出来
springmvc-mybatis.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:util = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 数据源定义--> < bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.jolbox.bonecp.BoneCPDataSource" > < property name = "driverClass" value = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/web" /> < property name = "jdbcUrl" value = "root" /> < property name = "username" value = "123456" /> < property name = "password" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> </ bean > < bean id = "sqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> < property name = "mapperLocations" value = "classpath*:dbmap/*Mapper.xml" /> </ bean > <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" > < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" /> </ bean > < bean id = "jdbcTemplate" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" > < property name = "dataSource" > < ref bean = "dataSource" /> </ property > </ bean > < bean id = "defaultLobHandler" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.support.lob.DefaultLobHandler" lazy-init = "true" /> <!-- 查 找 类 路 径 下 的 映 射 器 并 自 动 将 它 们 创 建 成 MapperFactoryBean--> < bean class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" > < property name = "basePackage" value = "com.ansitech.web.orm.mapper" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
spring-servlet.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> < description >Spring MVC Configuration</ description > <!-- 对静态资源文件的访问,交给default servlet handler处理 --> < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 启用spring mvc 注解 --> < context:annotation-config /> <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 --> < mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 设置使用注解的类所在的jar包 --> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.ansitech.web" ></ context:component-scan > <!-- 完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> <!-- JSP视图文件解析配置 --> < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" > < property name = "viewClass" value = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> < property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/view/" /> < property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" /> < property name = "viewNames" value = "jsp/*" /> < property name = "order" value = "1" /> </ bean > < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver" > < property name = "viewClass" value = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> < property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/view/" /> < property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" /> < property name = "order" value = "2" /> </ bean > <!-- 上传文件拦截,设置最大上传文件大小 10M=10*1024*1024(B)=10485760 bytes --> < bean id = "multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" > <!-- one of the properties available; the maximum file size in bytes --> < property name = "maxUploadSize" > < value >5242880</ value > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
web.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version = "3.0" > <!-- 程序Session配置 --> < session-config > <!-- Session过期时间(单位:分) --> < session-timeout >30</ session-timeout > </ session-config > <!-- 激活Tomcat的defaultServlet来处理静态文件 --> < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.jpg</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.gif</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.png</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.js</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >*.css</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > <!-- Spring 上下文参数 加载Spring配置文件 --> < context-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:xmlconfig/springmvc-mybatis.xml</ param-value > </ context-param > < listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > </ listener > <!-- spring mvc 拦截器配置 --> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath*:/xmlconfig/springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > <!-- 字符编码配置 --> < filter > < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</ filter-class > < init-param > < param-name >encoding</ param-name > < param-value >UTF-8</ param-value > </ init-param > < init-param > < param-name >forceEncoding</ param-name > < param-value >true</ param-value > </ init-param > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >characterEncodingFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > <!-- 欢迎页 --> < welcome-file-list > < welcome-file >/index.html</ welcome-file > </ welcome-file-list > </ web-app > |
接下来就是包的结构了
前缀大家可以自己定义自己喜欢的,但是后边的结构,是整个框架的核心,所以请大家按照我的格式去建
前缀com.ansitech
com.ansitech.orm
com.ansitech.orm.base
com.ansitech.orm.mapper
com.ansitech.service
com.ansitech.service.po
com.ansitech.service.impl
com.ansitech.web
com.ansitech.web.controller
大家可能不理解,为什么要这么建呢?
那么我们来以用户管理模块来解释,用户对象为User
那么我们需要建立基础对象:
com.ansitech.orm.base.User.Java
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package com.ansitech.orm.base; /** * 用户对象 * * @author qsyang */ public class User { private int id; private String loginName; private String loginPwd; /** * 用户类型 1 管理员 2 普通用户 */ private int typeId; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id) { this .id = id; } public String getLoginName() { return loginName; } public void setLoginName(String loginName) { this .loginName = loginName; } public String getLoginPwd() { return loginPwd; } public void setLoginPwd(String loginPwd) { this .loginPwd = loginPwd; } public int getTypeId() { return typeId; } public void setTypeId( int typeId) { this .typeId = typeId; } } |
基础对象建好了,我们需要做一个Mapper来实现用户对象的增删改查
com.ansitech.orm.mapper.UserMapper.java
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package com.ansitech.orm.mapper; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; /** * 用户数据接口 * * @author qsyang */ public interface UserMapper { void add(User user); User get( @Param ( "id" ) int id); void update(User user); int delete( @Param ( "id" ) int id); } |
使用ORM模式,我们需要创建一个抽象的用户对象来解决额外属性查询的问题
com.ansitech.orm.AbstractUser.java
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package com.ansitech.orm; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; /** * 抽象用户对象 * * 提供其他属性获取 * * @author qsyang */ public abstract class AbstractUser extends User{ //获取当前用户所属分类名称 public abstract String findTypeName(); } |
有了数据接口了,我们需要对外提供服务
com.ansitech.service.IUserService.java
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package com.ansitech.service; import com.ansitech.orm.AbstractUser; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; /** * 用户服务接口 * * @author qsyang */ public interface IUserService { //添加系统管理员 void addSystemUser(String loginName, String loginPwd); //添加普通用户 void addNormalUser(String loginName, String loginPwd); //根据用户Id查询抽象用户 AbstractUser getAbstractUserById( int userId); //根据用户Id查询用户 User getUserById( int userId); //修改用户信息 void updateUser( int userId, String loginName, String loginPwd); //根据用户Id删除用户 int deleteUser( int userId); } |
有了服务接口,就要有实现接口
com.ansitech.service.impl.UserService.java
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package com.ansitech.service.impl; import com.ansitech.orm.AbstractUser; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; import com.ansitech.orm.mapper.UserMapper; import com.ansitech.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * 用户接口实现类 * * @author qsyang */ @Service public class UserService implements IUserService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Override public void addSystemUser(String loginName, String loginPwd) { User user = new User(); user.setLoginName(loginName); user.setLoginPwd(loginPwd); //用户类型 1 管理员 2 普通用户 user.setTypeId( 1 ); userMapper.add( null ); } @Override public void addNormalUser(String loginName, String loginPwd) { User user = new User(); user.setLoginName(loginName); user.setLoginPwd(loginPwd); //用户类型 1 管理员 2 普通用户 user.setTypeId( 2 ); userMapper.add( null ); } @Override public AbstractUser getAbstractUserById( int userId) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException( "Not supported yet." ); } @Override public User getUserById( int userId) { return userMapper.get(userId); } @Override public void updateUser( int userId, String loginName, String loginPwd) { //先根据用户Id查询用户对象 User user = userMapper.get(userId); if (user != null ) { user.setLoginName(loginName); user.setLoginPwd(loginPwd); //修改用户 userMapper.update(user); } } @Override public int deleteUser( int userId) { return userMapper.delete(userId); } } |
细心的便宜,可能已经看到了,getAbstractUserById()这个方法我们还没有实现
因为AbstractUser还有具体的实现类,所以我们来新建实现类
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package com.ansitech.service.po; import com.ansitech.orm.AbstractUser; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; import com.ansitech.service.impl.UserService; /** * 用户数据操作对象 * * @author qsyang */ public class UserPO extends AbstractUser { private final UserService userService; public UserPO(UserService userService) { this .userService = userService; } public UserPO copyFrom(User obj) { this .setId(obj.getId()); this .setLoginName(obj.getLoginName()); this .setLoginPwd(obj.getLoginPwd()); this .setTypeId(obj.getTypeId()); return this ; } @Override public String findTypeName() { return userService.findTypeName( this .getTypeId()); } } |
对象已经创建好了,这个时候我们可以修改下service实现类的方法了,并且我们增加了一个方法
增加这个方法,只是因为我们有可能需要继续调用其他的Mapper去查询。
修改的实现方法
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@Override public AbstractUser getAbstractUserById( int userId) { User user = userMapper.get(userId); if (user != null ) { UserPO po = new UserPO( this ); po.copyFrom(user); return po; } return null ; } |
新增的方法:
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public String findTypeName( int typeId) { if (typeId == 1 ) { return "系统管理员" ; } else { return "普通用户" ; } } |
只有一来,Service架构和orm架构就已经完成了,下面只需要建立控制器就可以了
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package com.ansitech.web.controller.user; import com.ansitech.orm.base.User; import com.ansitech.service.impl.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; /** * 用户控制器 * * @author qsyang */ @Controller public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping ( "/user/user-index" ) public String index() { User user = userService.getUserById( 1 ); if (user != null ) { System.out.println( "user name = " + user.getLoginName()); } return "jsp/user/index" ; } } |
大家到现在有没有理解这个架构呢?
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/yakson/article/details/44832967