IOC装配Bean
(1)Spring框架Bean实例化的方式提供了三种方式实例化Bean
- 构造方法实例化(默认无参数,用的最多)
- 静态工厂实例化
- 实例工厂实例化
下面先写这三种方法的applicationContext.xml配置文件:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- Bean的三种实例化方式=================== --> <!-- 2.1 使用无参的构造器 --> < bean id = "bean1" class = "com.study.spring.b_instance.Bean1" ></ bean > <!-- 2.2使用静态工厂方法 factory-method 是工厂提供的静态方法 --> < bean id = "bean2" class = "com.study.spring.b_instance.Bean2" factory-method = "createInstance" ></ bean > <!-- 2.3配置实例化工厂的方法 --> < bean id = "bean3Factory" class = "com.study.spring.b_instance.Bean3Factory" ></ bean > < bean id = "bean3" factory-bean = "bean3Factory" factory-method = "getInstance" ></ bean > <!-- end.Bean的三种实例化方式==================== --> |
Bean1类
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public class Bean1 { //必须提供无参的构造函数 系统有默认无参的构造函数 } |
Bean2类
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public class Bean2 { private static Bean2 Bean2 = new Bean2(); private Bean2() { } public static Bean2 createInstance() { return Bean2; } } |
Bean3类
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public class Bean3 { } |
Bean3Factory类
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public class Bean3Factory { private Bean3Factory(){ } public Bean3 getInstance(){ return new Bean3(); } } |
测试类InstanceDemo
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import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class InstanceDemo { //实例化工厂方法 @Test public void demo3(){ //加载配置文件 创建工厂 ApplicationContext applicationContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Bean3 bean3 =(Bean3) applicationContext.getBean( "bean3" ); System.out.println(bean3); } //静态工厂方法 @Test public void demo2(){ //加载配置文件 创建工厂 ApplicationContext applicationContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Bean2 bean2 =(Bean2) applicationContext.getBean( "bean2" ); System.out.println(bean2); } //构造方法得到bean对象 @Test public void demo1(){ //加载配置文件 创建工厂 ApplicationContext applicationContext= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Bean1 bean1 =(Bean1) applicationContext.getBean( "bean1" ); System.out.println(bean1); } } /* * 这三个都得到类似于com.study.spring.b_instance.Bean1@7229c204 的内存地址 */ |
(2).Bean的其他配置:
一般情况下,装配一个Bean时,通过指定一个id属性作为Bean的名称
id 属性在IoC容器中必须是唯一的
id 的命名要满足XML对ID属性命名规范 必须以字母开始,可以使用字母、数字、连字符、下划线、句话、冒号
如果Bean的名称中含有特殊字符,就需要使用name属性 例如: <bean name="#person" class="cn.itcast.bean.Person"/>
因为name属性可以相同,所以后出现Bean会覆盖之前出现的同名的Bean
id和name的区别:
id遵守XML约束的id的约束.id约束保证这个属性的值是唯一的,而且必须以字母开始,可以使用字母、数字、连字符、下划线、句话、冒号
name没有这些要求
如果bean标签上没有配置id,那么name可以作为id.
Bean的scope属性
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<!-- 3.Bean的scope属性==================== --> < bean id = "product" class = "com.study.spring.c_scope.Product" scope = "singleton" ></ bean > <!-- end.Bean的scope属性=========== --> |
* singleton :单例的.(默认的值.)
* prototype :多例的.
* request :web开发中.创建了一个对象,将这个对象存入request范围,request.setAttribute();
* session :web开发中.创建了一个对象,将这个对象存入session范围,session.setAttribute();
* globalSession :一般用于Porlet应用环境.指的是分布式开发.不是porlet环境,globalSession等同于session;
3.Bean属性的依赖注入
前面已经知道如何获得对象,那我们接下来要知道如果给对象对象的属性赋值。
下面通过举例说明:
Car 类
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public class Car { private String name; private double price; public Car(String name, double price) { super (); this .name = name; this .price = price; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]" ; } } |
Car2类
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public class Car2 { private String name; private double price; public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setPrice( double price) { this .price = price; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car2 [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]" ; } } |
CarInfo类
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public class CarInfo { public String getName(){ return "哈弗H6" ; } public double caculatePrice(){ return 110000 ; } } |
CollectionBean类
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import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Set; public class CollectionBean { private String name; private Integer age; private List<String> hobbies; private Set<Integer> numbers; private Map<String, String> map; private Properties properties; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this .age = age; } public List<String> getHobbies() { return hobbies; } public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) { this .hobbies = hobbies; } public Set<Integer> getNumbers() { return numbers; } public void setNumbers(Set<Integer> numbers) { this .numbers = numbers; } public Map<String, String> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) { this .map = map; } public Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public void setProperties(Properties properties) { this .properties = properties; } @Override public String toString() { return "CollectionBean [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", hobbies=" + hobbies + ", numbers=" + numbers + ", map=" + map + ", properties=" + properties + "]" ; } } |
Employee类
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public class Employee { private String name; private Car2 car2; public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public void setCar2(Car2 car2) { this .car2 = car2; } @Override public String toString() { return "Employee [name=" + name + ", car2=" + car2 + "]" ; } } |
TestDi测试类
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import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TestDi { @Test public void demo6() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); CollectionBean collectionBean = (CollectionBean) applicationContext.getBean( "collectionBean" ); System.out.println(collectionBean); } @Test public void demo5() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Car2 car2 = (Car2) applicationContext.getBean( "car2_2" ); System.out.println(car2); } @Test public void demo4() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Employee e = (Employee) applicationContext.getBean( "employee2" ); System.out.println(e); } @Test public void demo3() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Employee e = (Employee) applicationContext.getBean( "employee" ); System.out.println(e); } @Test public void demo2() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Car2 car2 = (Car2) applicationContext.getBean( "car2" ); System.out.println(car2); } @Test public void demo1() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" ); Car car = (Car) applicationContext.getBean( "car" ); System.out.println(car); } } |
上面这几个类都不是最主要的,我们主要是来看配置文件怎么写,这才是最关键的:
applicationContext.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- Bean的依赖注入=========== --> <!-- 4.1构造器注入 --> < bean id = "car" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Car" > <!-- 方式一.根据索引的位置 --> <!-- <constructor-arg index="0" value="保时捷"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1" value="1500000"></constructor-arg> --> <!-- 方式二.根据名字配置 --> <!-- <constructor-arg name="name" value="宝马"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg name="price" value="500000"></constructor-arg> --> <!-- 方式三.根据类型配置 --> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "奔驰" ></ constructor-arg > < constructor-arg type = "double" value = "600000" ></ constructor-arg > </ bean > <!-- 4.2setter方法中注入 --> < bean id = "car2" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Car2" > < property name = "name" value = "雪佛兰" ></ property > < property name = "price" value = "100000" ></ property > </ bean > < bean id = "employee" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Employee" > < property name = "name" value = "张三" ></ property > < property name = "car2" ref = "car2" ></ property > </ bean > <!-- 引用p命名空间 --> <!-- 如果要引用p命名,那在最上面sxd中就要配置 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"--> < bean id = "car22" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Car2" p:name = "宝马" p:price = "500000" > </ bean > < bean id = "employee2" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Employee" p:name = "李四" p:car2-ref = "car22" ></ bean > <!-- 引入spEL表达式 --> < bean id = "carInfo" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.CarInfo" ></ bean > < bean id = "car2_2" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.Car2" > < property name = "name" value = "#{carInfo.name}" ></ property > < property name = "price" value = "#{carInfo.caculatePrice()}" ></ property > </ bean > <!-- 复杂属性的依赖注入 --> < bean id = "collectionBean" class = "com.study.spring.e_di.CollectionBean" > <!-- 简单属性的注入 --> < property name = "name" value = "归谷" ></ property > < property name = "age" value = "12" ></ property > <!-- 注入list集合 --> < property name = "hobbies" > < list > < value >吃饭</ value > < value >睡觉</ value > < value >敲代码</ value > </ list > </ property > <!-- 注入set集合 --> < property name = "numbers" > < set > < value >10</ value > < value >20</ value > < value >30</ value > < value >40</ value > < value >50</ value > </ set > </ property > <!-- 注入map集合 --> < property name = "map" > < map > < entry key = "birthday" value = "2017-1-1" ></ entry > < entry key = "address" value = "杭州西湖" ></ entry > < entry key = "sex" value = "female" ></ entry > </ map > </ property > <!-- 注入Properties --> < property name = "properties" > < props > < prop key = "compamy" >杭州归谷</ prop > < prop key = "pnum" >200</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > <!-- end Bean的依赖注入============ --> < import resource = "classpath:bean1.xml" /> < import resource = "classpath:bean2.xml" /> <!-- 这里导入是指如果在src下还有其它的beans.xml我们可以这样去调用 --> </ beans > |
有关applicationContext.xml这个配置文件里的内容一定要看懂,我写的还是比较基础和全面的。
有关命名空间p的使用我这里在解释下:
p:<属性名>="xxx" 引入常量值
p:<属性名>-ref="xxx" 引用其它Bean对象
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/qdhxhz/p/6511887.html