在这之前,你首先得了解Python中的PIL库。PIL是Python Imaging Library的简称,PIL是一个Python处理图片的库,提供了一系列模块和方法,比如:裁切,平移,旋转,改变尺寸等等。在PIL库中,任何一个图像都是用Image对象来表示的,所以要加载一张图片,最简单的形式如下:
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from PIL import Image image = Image. open ( "1.jpeg" ) |
在PIL库中,最常用的模块有Image,ImageDraw,ImageEnhance,ImageFile等。
PIL的下载地址为:http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
接下来学习PIL中一些常见的操作:
(1)改变图片大小
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from PIL import Image image = Image. open ( "1.jpeg" ) new_img = image.resize(( 256 , 256 ),Image.BILINEAR) new_img.save( "2.jpeg" ) |
(2)旋转图片
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from PIL import Image image = Image. open ( "1.jpeg" ) new_img = image.rotate( 45 ) new_img.save( "2.jpeg" ) |
(3)直线绘制
PIL库中的ImageDraw模块提供了图形绘制的基本功能,可以绘制直线,弧线,椭圆,矩形等等。
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from PIL import Image,ImageDraw image = Image. open ( "2.jpeg" ) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) width,height = image.size draw.line((( 0 , 0 ),(width - 1 ,height - 1 )),fill = 255 ) draw.line((( 0 ,height - 1 ),(width - 1 , 0 )),fill = 255 ) image.save( "2.jpeg" ) |
(4)绘制圆
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from PIL import Image,ImageDraw image = Image. open ( "2.jpeg" ) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) width,height = image.size draw.arc(( 0 , 0 ,width - 1 ,height - 1 ), 0 , 360 ,fill = 255 ) image.save( "2.jpeg" ) |
更多方法可以参见帮助文档。
现在我们来研究利用Python如何生成中文验证码。其实这个问题简单,我们都知道验证码一般是用来防止网络机器
人采用无限次数的登录尝试破解密码,那么我们需要对这张图片随机生成中文字符来验证,一般来说会把图片的字表
现得很模糊,这样有效地防止机器人识别。所以我们除了要随机生成汉字,还要加入一些干扰线条等等。
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont import random import math, string class RandomChar(): @staticmethod def Unicode (): val = random.randint( 0x4E00 , 0x9FBF ) return unichr (val) @staticmethod def GB2312(): head = random.randint( 0xB0 , 0xCF ) body = random.randint( 0xA , 0xF ) tail = random.randint( 0 , 0xF ) val = ( head << 8 ) | (body << 4 ) | tail str = "%x" % val return str .decode( 'hex' ).decode( 'gb2312' ) class ImageChar: def __init__( self , fontColor = ( 0 , 0 , 0 ), size = ( 100 , 40 ), fontPath = 'SIMSUN.TTC' , bgColor = ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), fontSize = 20 ): self .size = size self .fontPath = fontPath self .bgColor = bgColor self .fontSize = fontSize self .fontColor = fontColor self .font = ImageFont.truetype( self .fontPath, self .fontSize) self .image = Image.new( 'RGB' , size, bgColor) def rotate( self ): self .image.rotate(random.randint( 0 , 30 ), expand = 0 ) def drawText( self , pos, txt, fill): draw = ImageDraw.Draw( self .image) draw.text(pos, txt, font = self .font, fill = fill) def randRGB( self ): return (random.randint( 0 , 255 ), random.randint( 0 , 255 ), random.randint( 0 , 255 )) def randPoint( self ): (width, height) = self .size return (random.randint( 0 , width), random.randint( 0 , height)) def randLine( self , num): draw = ImageDraw.Draw( self .image) for i in range ( 0 , num): draw.line([ self .randPoint(), self .randPoint()], self .randRGB()) def randChinese( self , num): gap = 5 start = 0 for i in range ( 0 , num): char = RandomChar().GB2312() x = start + self .fontSize * i + random.randint( 0 , gap) + gap * i self .drawText((x, random.randint( - 5 , 5 )), RandomChar().GB2312(), self .randRGB()) self .rotate() self .randLine( 18 ) def save( self , path): self .image.save(path) ic = ImageChar(fontColor = ( 100 , 211 , 90 )) ic.randChinese( 4 ) ic.save( "1.jpeg" ) |
运行结果: