最近在使用python做接口测试,发现python中http请求方法有许多种,今天抽点时间把相关内容整理,分享给大家,具体内容如下所示:
一、python自带库----urllib2
python自带库urllib2使用的比较多,简单使用如下:
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import urllib2 response = urllib2.urlopen( 'http://localhost:8080/jenkins/api/json?pretty=true' ) print response.read() |
简单的get请求
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import urllib2 import urllib post_data = urllib.urlencode({}) response = urllib2.urlopen('http: / / localhost: 8080 / , post_data) print response.read() print response.getheaders() |
这就是最简单的urllib2发送post例子。代码比较多
二、python自带库--httplib
httplib是一个相对底层的http请求模块,urlib就是基于httplib封装的。简单使用如下:
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import httplib conn = httplib.HTTPConnection( "www.python.org" ) conn.request( "GET" , "/index.html" ) r1 = conn.getresponse() print r1.status, r1.reason data1 = r1.read() conn.request( "GET" , "/parrot.spam" ) r2 = conn.getresponse() data2 = r2.read() conn.close() |
简单的get请求
我们再来看post请求
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import httplib, urllib params = urllib.urlencode({ '@number' : 12524 , '@type' : 'issue' , '@action' : 'show' }) headers = { "Content-type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" , "Accept" : "text/plain" } conn = httplib.HTTPConnection( "bugs.python.org" ) conn.request( "POST" , "", params, headers) response = conn.getresponse() data = response.read() print data conn.close() |
是不是觉得太复杂了。每次写还得再翻文档,看看第三种吧
三、第三方库--requests
发请get请求超级简单:
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print requests.get('http: / / localhost: 8080 ).text |
就一句话,再来看看post请求
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payload = { 'key1' : 'value1' , 'key2' : 'value2' } r = requests.post( "http://httpbin.org/post" , data = payload) print r.text |
也很简单。
再看看如果要认证:
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url = 'http://localhost:8080' r = requests.post(url, data = {}, auth = HTTPBasicAuth( 'admin' , 'admin' )) print r.status_code print r.headers print r.reason |
是不是比urllib2更简单多了吧,且requests自带json解析。这点非常棒
python中的http请求
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import urllib params = urllib.urlencode({key:value,key:value}) resultHtml = urllib.urlopen( '[API or 网址]' ,params) result = resultHtml.read() print result |