为了给你的对像添加一个行级功能,那就定义一个自定义方法。 有鉴于manager经常被用来用一些整表操作(table-wide),模型方法应该只对特殊模型实例起作用。
这是一项在模型的一个地方集中业务逻辑的技术。
最好用例子来解释一下。 这个模型有一些自定义方法:
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from django.contrib.localflavor.us.models import USStateField from django.db import models class Person(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) birth_date = models.DateField() address = models.CharField(max_length = 100 ) city = models.CharField(max_length = 50 ) state = USStateField() # Yes, this is U.S.-centric... def baby_boomer_status( self ): "Returns the person's baby-boomer status." import datetime if datetime.date( 1945 , 8 , 1 ) < = self .birth_date < = datetime.date( 1964 , 12 , 31 ): return "Baby boomer" if self .birth_date < datetime.date( 1945 , 8 , 1 ): return "Pre-boomer" return "Post-boomer" def is_midwestern( self ): "Returns True if this person is from the Midwest." return self .state in ( 'IL' , 'WI' , 'MI' , 'IN' , 'OH' , 'IA' , 'MO' ) def _get_full_name( self ): "Returns the person's full name." return u '%s %s' % ( self .first_name, self .last_name) full_name = property (_get_full_name) |
例子中的最后一个方法是一个property。 想了解更多关于属性的信息请访问http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/#property
这是用法的实例:
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>>> p = Person.objects.get(first_name = 'Barack' , last_name = 'Obama' ) >>> p.birth_date datetime.date( 1961 , 8 , 4 ) >>> p.baby_boomer_status() 'Baby boomer' >>> p.is_midwestern() True >>> p.full_name # Note this isn't a method -- it's treated as an attribute u 'Barack Obama' |