mysql的explain命令可以分析sql的性能,其中有一项是key_len(索引的长度)的统计。本文将分析mysql explain中key_len的计算方法。
1、创建测试表及数据
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CREATE TABLE `member` ( `id` int (10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ` name ` varchar (20) DEFAULT NULL , `age` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY ` name ` (` name `) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO `member` (`id`, ` name `, `age`) VALUES ( NULL , 'fdipzone' , '18' ), ( NULL , 'jim' , '19' ), ( NULL , 'tom' , '19' ); |
2、查看explain
name的字段类型是varchar(20),字符编码是utf8,一个字符占用3个字节,那么key_len应该是 20*3=60。
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mysql> explain select * from `member` where name = 'fdipzone' ; + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 63 | const | 1 | Using index condition | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ |
explain的key_len为63,多出了3。
name字段是允许NULL,把name改为NOT NULL再测试
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ALTER TABLE `member` CHANGE ` name ` ` name ` VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL ; mysql> explain select * from `member` where name = 'fdipzone' ; + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 62 | const | 1 | Using index condition | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ |
现在key_len为62,比刚才少了1,但还是多了2。可以确定,字段为NULL会多占用一个字节。
name字段类型为varchar,属于变长字段,把varchar改为char再测试
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ALTER TABLE `member` CHANGE ` name ` ` name ` CHAR (20) NOT NULL ; mysql> explain select * from `member` where name = 'fdipzone' ; + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | member | ref | name | name | 60 | const | 1 | Using index condition | + ----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+ |
改为定长字段后,key_len为60,与预测的一致。
总结:使用变长字段需要额外增加2个字节,使用NULL需要额外增加1个字节,因此对于是索引的字段,最好使用定长和NOT NULL定义,提高性能。
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