1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
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class A { function A() { echo "build A" ; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A" ; } } $obj = new A(); //unset($obj); |
Note:The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,PHP5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
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namespace Foo; class Bar { public function Bar() { // treated as constructor in PHP 5.3.0-5.3.2 // treated as regular method as of PHP 5.3.3 } } |
如果没有namespace Foo; 那么Bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
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function __construct() { echo "construct A" ; } function A() { echo "build A" ; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy A" ; } } |
即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callStatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
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class MethodTest { public function __call( $name , $arguments ) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling object method '$name' " . implode( ' ' , $arguments ). "<br>" ; } public static function __callStatic( $name , $arguments ) { // Note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "Calling static method '$name' " . implode( ' ' , $arguments ). "<br>" ; } } $obj = new MethodTest; $obj ->runTest( 'in' , 'object' , 'context' ); MethodTest::runTest( 'in' , 'static' , 'context' ); |
其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
Calling object method 'runTest' in object context
Calling static method 'runTest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
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class TestMagicCallMethod { public function foo() { echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ; } public function __call( $method , $args ) { echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ; if (method_exists( $this , $method )) { $this -> $method (); } } protected function bar() { echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ; } private function baz() { echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ; } } $test = new TestMagicCallMethod(); $test ->foo(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::foo */ $test ->bar(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::bar */ $test ->baz(); /** * Outputs: * TestMagicCallMethod::__call * TestMagicCallMethod::baz */ |
3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
Note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
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class Test { public function __get( $key ) { echo $key . " not exists" ; } public function __set( $key , $value ) { echo $key . " = " . $value ; } } $t = new Test(); echo $t ->name. "<br>" ; $t ->name = "abc" ; |
输出:
name not exists
name = abc
4. __toString()
这个方法类似于java的toString()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
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class Test { private $name = "abc" ; private $age = 12; public function __toString() { return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age" ; } } $t = new Test(); echo $t ; |
输出:
name : abc, age : 12