一心想学习算法,很少去真正静下心来去研究,前几天趁着周末去了解了最短路径的资料,用python写了一个最短路径算法。算法是基于带权无向图去寻找两个点之间的最短路径,数据存储用邻接矩阵记录。首先画出一幅无向图如下,标出各个节点之间的权值。
其中对应索引:
A ——> 0
B——> 1
C——> 2
D——>3
E——> 4
F——> 5
G——> 6
邻接矩阵表示无向图:
算法思想是通过Dijkstra算法结合自身想法实现的。大致思路是:从起始点开始,搜索周围的路径,记录每个点到起始点的权值存到已标记权值节点字典A,将起始点存入已遍历列表B,然后再遍历已标记权值节点字典A,搜索节点周围的路径,如果周围节点存在于表B,比较累加权值,新权值小于已有权值则更新权值和来源节点,否则什么都不做;如果不存在与表B,则添加节点和权值和来源节点到表A,直到搜索到终点则结束。
这时最短路径存在于表A中,得到终点的权值和来源路径,向上递推到起始点,即可得到最短路径,下面是代码:
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# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- class DijkstraExtendPath(): def __init__( self , node_map): self .node_map = node_map self .node_length = len (node_map) self .used_node_list = [] self .collected_node_dict = {} def __call__( self , from_node, to_node): self .from_node = from_node self .to_node = to_node self ._init_dijkstra() return self ._format_path() def _init_dijkstra( self ): self .used_node_list.append( self .from_node) self .collected_node_dict[ self .from_node] = [ 0 , - 1 ] for index1, node1 in enumerate ( self .node_map[ self .from_node]): if node1: self .collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1, self .from_node] self ._foreach_dijkstra() def _foreach_dijkstra( self ): if len ( self .used_node_list) = = self .node_length - 1 : return for key, val in self .collected_node_dict.items(): # 遍历已有权值节点 if key not in self .used_node_list and key ! = to_node: self .used_node_list.append(key) else : continue for index1, node1 in enumerate ( self .node_map[key]): # 对节点进行遍历 # 如果节点在权值节点中并且权值大于新权值 if node1 and index1 in self .collected_node_dict and self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 0 ] > node1 + val[ 0 ]: self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 0 ] = node1 + val[ 0 ] # 更新权值 self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 1 ] = key elif node1 and index1 not in self .collected_node_dict: self .collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1 + val[ 0 ], key] self ._foreach_dijkstra() def _format_path( self ): node_list = [] temp_node = self .to_node node_list.append((temp_node, self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 0 ])) while self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 1 ] ! = - 1 : temp_node = self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 1 ] node_list.append((temp_node, self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 0 ])) node_list.reverse() return node_list def set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list): for x, y, val in node_list: node_map[node.index(x)][node.index(y)] = node_map[node.index(y)][node.index(x)] = val if __name__ = = "__main__" : node = [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'D' , 'E' , 'F' , 'G' ] node_list = [( 'A' , 'F' , 9 ), ( 'A' , 'B' , 10 ), ( 'A' , 'G' , 15 ), ( 'B' , 'F' , 2 ), ( 'G' , 'F' , 3 ), ( 'G' , 'E' , 12 ), ( 'G' , 'C' , 10 ), ( 'C' , 'E' , 1 ), ( 'E' , 'D' , 7 )] node_map = [[ 0 for val in xrange ( len (node))] for val in xrange ( len (node))] set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list) # A -->; D from_node = node.index( 'A' ) to_node = node.index( 'D' ) dijkstrapath = DijkstraPath(node_map) path = dijkstrapath(from_node, to_node) print path |
运行结果:
再来一例:
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<! - - lang: python - - > # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import itertools import re import math def combination(lst): #全排序 lists = [] liter = itertools.permutations(lst) for lts in list (liter): lt = ''.join(lts) lists.append(lt) return lists def coord(lst): #坐标输入 coordinates = dict () print u '请输入坐标:(格式为A:7 17)' p = re. compile (r "\d+" ) for char in lst: str = raw_input (char + ':' ) dot = p.findall( str ) coordinates[char] = [dot[ 0 ],dot[ 1 ]] print coordinates return coordinates def repeat(lst): #删除重复组合 for ilist in lst: for k in xrange ( len (ilist)): st = (ilist[k:],ilist[:k]) strs = ''.join(st) for jlist in lst: if ( cmp (strs,jlist) = = 0 ): lst.remove(jlist) for k in xrange ( len (ilist)): st = (ilist[k:],ilist[:k]) strs = ''.join(st) for jlist in lst: if ( cmp (strs[:: - 1 ],jlist) = = 0 ): lst.remove(jlist) lst.append(ilist) print lst return lst def count(lst,coordinates): #计算各路径 way = dict () for str in lst: str = str + str [: 1 ] length = 0 for i in range ( len ( str ) - 1 ): x = abs ( float (coordinates[ str [i]][ 0 ]) - float (coordinates[ str [i + 1 ]][ 0 ]) ) y = abs ( float (coordinates[ str [i] ][ 1 ]) - float (coordinates[ str [i + 1 ] ][ 1 ]) ) length + = math.sqrt(x * * 2 + y * * 2 ) way[ str [: len ( str ) - 1 ]] = length return way if __name__ = = "__main__" : print u '请输入图节点:' rlist = list ( raw_input ()) coordinates = coord(rlist) list_directive = combination(rlist) # print "有方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive # for it in list_directive: # print it print u '有方向完全图所有路径总数:' , len (list_directive), "\n" #无方向完全图 list_directive = repeat(list_directive) list_directive = repeat(list_directive) # print "无方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive print u '无方向完全图所有路径为:' for it in list_directive: print it print u '无方向完全图所有路径总数:' , len (list_directive) ways = count(list_directive,coordinates) print u '路径排序如下:' for dstr in sorted (ways.iteritems(), key = lambda d:d[ 1 ], reverse = False ): print dstr raw_input () |
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