如果你手工测试Restful 服务将会是一件非常单调乏味的事情。当然，目前有一些浏览器插件可以通过可视化的界面帮助你手工测试，例如postman、rest console，但是每次系统版本更新，你都需要去手动执行大量的测试，显然这种方式不是非常实用。Ruby拥有许多出色的gem包，你可以使用它们完成这项枯燥的工作。其中RestClient是我比较喜欢的一个。结合ruby的rspec框架使用RestClient可以编写非常强大的测试脚本。假如Github想让你测试他们的Restful API。你可能想做的第一件事就是确保端点返回你预计的响应代码。开始前，你需要确认你已经安装了相应的gems。 最便利的方式是使用bundler安装：
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source "https://rubygems.org"gem 'rest-client'gem 'rspec'gem 'json_expressions' |
在cmd(windows，linux/mac环境请自行解决)进入你创建gemfile文件的同层目录，运行 'bundle'
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rafs-computer:rafael$ bundleUsing diff-lcs 1.2.5Using json_expressions 0.8.3Using mime-types 2.3Using netrc 0.7.7Using rest-client 1.7.2Using rspec-support 3.1.1Using rspec-core 3.1.4Using rspec-expectations 3.1.2Using rspec-mocks 3.1.2Using rspec 3.1.0Using bundler 1.7.3Your bundle is complete! |
现在让我们来验证我们从用户终端得到200响应：
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require 'rspec'require 'rest_client'describe 'GitHub API' do it 'should return information about a user' do result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json expect(result.code).to eq(200) endend |
在命令行执行rspec -f doc filename
因此返回码是对的，但是我们如何知道返回的json也是对的呢？
有几种不同的方式去验证。一种方法是解析body中的json(由key,value组成)，然后针对你要检查的每个key创建断言。这种方式可以使用，但是它需要你写多个断言而且是比较难于维护的。另外一种方法是和一个已知有效的json格式的数据文件比较。你可以使用json_expressions gem包去做这个事情。下面的例子是相同的spec文件。新增一个testcase用来验证json数据。
首先准备一个users.json文件
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{ "login": "rest-client", "id": 2386701, "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2386701?v=3", "gravatar_id": "", "url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client", "html_url": "https://github.com/rest-client", "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/followers", "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/following{/other_user}", "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/gists{/gist_id}", "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/starred{/owner}{/repo}", "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/subscriptions", "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/orgs", "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/repos", "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/events{/privacy}", "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/received_events", "type": "Organization", "site_admin": false, "name": "REST-Client Team", "company": null, "blog": "", "location": null, "email": null, "hireable": false, "bio": null, "public_repos": 1, "public_gists": 0, "followers": 0, "following": 0, "created_at": "2012-09-20T15:01:43Z", "updated_at": "2015-03-11T19:08:01Z"} |
然后编写测试用例spec文件
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require 'rspec'require 'rest_client'require 'json_expressions/rspec'describe 'GitHub API' do it 'should return 200 when asking information about a user' do result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json expect(result.code).to eq(200) end it 'should return proper data for a user' do expected_data = JSON.parse(IO.read('users.json')) result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json expect(result).to match_json_expression(expected_data) endend |
这个users.json文件包含了一个已知的响应。正如你可能猜到了,一些这样的服务返回值可以改变很快。例如，"updated_at"是返回值可能经常变化的key。假如你只是想要验证key是否存在，而不关心它的值，你可以增加如下的代码到你的测试用例中。
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it 'should return proper data for a user' do expected_data = JSON.parse(IO.read('users.json')) #解析users.json文件中的数据作为预期值 result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json # expect(result).to match_json_expression(expected_data) expected_data['updated_at'] = wildcard_matcher end |
