导读 | ssh_scan是一个面向 和 UNIX 服务器的易用的 SSH 服务参数配置和策略的扫描器程序,其思路来自Mozilla OpenSSH安全指南,这个指南为 SSH 服务参数配置提供了一个可靠的安全策略基线的建议,如加密算法(Ciphers),报文认证信息码算法(MAC),密钥交换算法(KexAlgos)和其它。 |
ssh_scan有如下好处:
- 它的依赖是最小化的,ssh_scan只引入了本地 Ruby 和 BinData 来进行它的工作,没有太多的依赖。
- 它是可移植的,你可以在其它的项目中使用ssh_scan或者将它用在自动化任务上。
- 它是易于使用的,只需要简单的将它指向一个 SSH 服务就可以获得一个该服务所支持的选项和策略状态的 JSON 格式报告。
- 它同时也是易于配置的,你可以创建适合你策略需求的策略。
建议阅读:如何在 Linux 上安装配置 OpenSSH 服务
如何在 Linux 上安装 ssh_scan有如下三种安装ssh_scan 的方式:
使用 Ruby gem 来安装运行,如下:
-----------在Debian/Ubuntu----------- $sudoapt-getinstallrubygem $sudogeminstallssh_scan -----------在CentOS/RHEL----------- #yuminstallrubyrubygem #geminstallssh_scan
使用docker 容器来运行,如下:
#dockerpullmozilla/ssh_scan #dockerrun-itmozilla/ssh_scan/app/bin/ssh_scan-tgithub.com
使用源码安装运行,如下:
#gitclone #cdssh_scan #gpg2--keyserverhkp://keys.gnupg.net--recv-keys409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 #curl-sSL|bash-sstable #rvminstall2.3.1 #rvmuse2.3.1 #geminstallbundler #bundleinstall #./bin/ssh_scan如何在 Linux 上使用 ssh_scan
使用ssh_scan的语法如下:
$ssh_scan-tip地址 $ssh_scan-t主机名
举个例子来扫描 192.168.43.198 这台服务器的 SSH 配置和策略,键入:
$ssh_scan-t192.168.43.198
注意你同时也可以像下方展示的给 -t选项传入一个[IP地址/地址段/主机名]:
$ssh_scan-t192.168.43.198,200,205 $ssh_scan-ttest.tecmint.lan
输出示例:
I,[2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644#7145]INFO--:You'reusingthelatestversionofssh_scan0.0.19 [ { "ssh_scan_version":"0.0.19", "ip":"192.168.43.198", "port":22, "server_banner":"SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1", "ssh_version":2.0, "os":"ubuntu", "os_cpe":"o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04", "ssh_lib":"openssh", "ssh_lib_cpe":"a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2", "cookie":"68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38", "key_algorithms":[ "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org", "ecdh-sha2-nistp256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp384", "ecdh-sha2-nistp521", "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1" ], "server_host_key_algorithms":[ "ssh-rsa", "rsa-sha2-512", "rsa-sha2-256", "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", "ssh-ed25519" ], "encryption_algorithms_client_to_server":[ "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "aes256-gcm@openssh.com" ], "encryption_algorithms_server_to_client":[ "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "aes256-gcm@openssh.com" ], "mac_algorithms_client_to_server":[ "umac-64-etm@openssh.com", "umac-128-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com", "umac-64@openssh.com", "umac-128@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256", "hmac-sha2-512", "hmac-sha1" ], "mac_algorithms_server_to_client":[ "umac-64-etm@openssh.com", "umac-128-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com", "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com", "umac-64@openssh.com", "umac-128@openssh.com", "hmac-sha2-256", "hmac-sha2-512", "hmac-sha1" ], "compression_algorithms_client_to_server":[ "none", "zlib@openssh.com" ], "compression_algorithms_server_to_client":[ "none", "zlib@openssh.com" ], "languages_client_to_server":[ ], "languages_server_to_client":[ ], "hostname":"tecmint", "auth_methods":[ "publickey", "password" ], "fingerprints":{ "rsa":{ "known_bad":"false", "md5":"0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4", "sha1":"fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa", "sha256":"ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11" } }, "start_time":"2017-05-0910:36:17+0300", "end_time":"2017-05-0910:36:18+0300", "scan_duration_seconds":0.221573169, "duplicate_host_key_ips":[ ], "compliance":{ "policy":"MozillaModern", "compliant":false, "recommendations":[ "RemovetheseKeyExchangeAlgos:diffie-hellman-group14-sha1", "RemovetheseMACAlgos:umac-64-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha1", "RemovetheseAuthenticationMethods:password" ], "references":[ "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH" ] } } ]
你可以使用-p选项来指定不同的端口,-L选项来开启日志记录配合-V选项来指定日志级别:
$ssh_scan-t192.168.43.198-p22222-Lssh-scan.log-VINFO
另外,可以使用-P或--policy选项来指定一个策略文件(默认是 Mozilla Modern):
$ssh_scan-t192.168.43.198-Lssh-scan.log-VINFO-P/path/to/custom/policy/file
ssh_scan 使用帮助与其它示例:
$ssh_scan-h
输出示例:
ssh_scanv0.0.17() Usage:ssh_scan[options] -t,--target[IP/Range/Hostname]IP/Ranges/Hostnametoscan -f,--file[FilePath]FilePathofthefilecontainingIP/Range/Hostnamestoscan -T,--timeout[seconds]Timeoutperconnectafterwhichssh_scangivesuponthehost -L,--logger[LogFilePath]Enablelogger -O,--from_json[FilePath]FiletoreadJSONoutputfrom -o,--output[FilePath]FiletowriteJSONoutputto -p,--port[PORT]Port(Default:22) -P,--policy[FILE]Custompolicyfile(Default:MozillaModern) --threads[NUMBER]Numberofworkerthreads(Default:5) --fingerprint-db[FILE]Filelocationoffingerprintdatabase(Default:./fingerprints.db) --suppress-update-statusDonotcheckforupdates -u,--unit-test[FILE]Throwappropriateexitcodesbasedoncompliancestatus -V[STD_LOGGING_LEVEL], --verbosity -v,--versionDisplayjustversioninfo -h,--helpShowthismessage Examples: ssh_scan-t192.168.1.1 ssh_scan-tserver.example.com ssh_scan-t::1 ssh_scan-t::1-T5 ssh_scan-fhosts.txt ssh_scan-ooutput.json ssh_scan-Ooutput.json-orescan_output.json ssh_scan-t192.168.1.1-p22222 ssh_scan-t192.168.1.1-p22222-Loutput.log-VINFO ssh_scan-t192.168.1.1-Pcustom_policy.yml ssh_scan-t192.168.1.1--unit-test-Pcustom_policy.yml
SSH 服务器相关参考阅读:
- 使用 SSH Keygen(ssh-keygen)五步实现 SSH 免密登录
- 安全 SSH 服务器的 5 个最 佳实践
- 使用 Chroot 来限制 SSH 用户进入某些目录
- 如何配置 SSH 连接来简化远程登录
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