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在.NET使用JSON作为数据交换格式实例演示

2019-10-30 15:59asp.net技术网 ASP.NET教程

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,接下来为大家介绍下使用JSON作为数据交换格式在.net中的应用

我们知道在NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是  SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类、SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类和NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类。 

为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码: 

复制代码代码如下:


[DataContract] 
publicclass User 

///<summary> 
/// 编号 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
publicint UserId { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 用户名 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
publicstring UserName { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 创建时间 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] 
public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 生日 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] 
public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 相关URL 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
public List<string> Urls { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 薪水 
///</summary> 
//[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 
//[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 
//[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 
publicint Salary { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 权利级别 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
public Priority Priority { get; set; } 
public User() 

Urls =new List<string>(); 


///<summary> 
/// 权利级别 
///</summary> 
publicenum Priority:byte 

Lowest=0x1, 
BelowNormal=0x2, 
Normal=0x4, 
AboveNormal=0x8, 
Highest=0x16 


使用SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类 
  SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类是NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在NET Framework5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于SystemWebExtensionsdll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个dll的引用。 
  下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子: 

复制代码代码如下:


publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityHighest, Salary =500000 }; 
//JavaScriptSerializer类在SystemWebExtensionsdll中,注意添加这个引用 
JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
//JSON序列化 
string result=serializerSerialize(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//JSON反序列化 
user = serializerDeserialize<User>(result); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 


说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。 
  使用SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类 
  SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类位于SystemServiceModelWebdll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对SystemServiceModelWebdll的引用之外,还需要添加SystemRuntimeSerializationdll的引用,注意这个类也是在NET Framework5及以后版本中可以使用。 
  下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子: 

复制代码代码如下:


publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityAboveNormal, Salary =50000 }; 
string result =stringEmpty; 
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在SystemServiceModelWebdll中,注意添加这个引用 
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); 
using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream()) 

//JSON序列化 
serializerWriteObject(stream, user); 
result = EncodingUTFGetString(streamToArray()); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 

//JSON反序列化 
byte[] buffer = EncodingUTFGetBytes(result); 
using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer)) 

user = serializerReadObject(stream) as User; 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 


注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上[IgnoreDataMember]属性。 
  使用NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类 
  NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/),它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是NET Framework5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。 
  下面是使用NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类的例子: 

复制代码代码如下:


publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityBelowNormal, Salary =5000 }; 
//JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 
//JSON序列化 
string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//JSON反序列化 
user = JsonConvertDeserializeObject<User>(result); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 

publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-32), Priority = PriorityLowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcnblog51ctocom", "//www.zzvips.com" } }; 
//JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 
//JSON序列化 
string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//使用Linq to JSON 
JObject jobject = JObjectParse(result); 
JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; 
List<string> urlList =new List<string>(); 
foreach (JToken t in token) 

urlListAdd(tToString()); 

ConsoleWrite("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); 
for (int i =0; i < urlListCount -1;i++ ) 

ConsoleWrite(urlList[i] +","); 

ConsoleWriteLine(urlList[urlListCount -1] +"]"); 


注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。 
  本文中所有的示例代码如下: 

复制代码代码如下:


using System; 
using SystemCollectionsGeneric; 
using SystemLinq; 
using SystemText; 
using SystemWebScriptSerialization; 
using SystemRuntimeSerializationJson; 
using SystemIO; 
using SystemRuntimeSerialization; 
using NewtonsoftJson; 
using NewtonsoftJsonLinq; 
using NewtonsoftJsonConverters; 
namespace JSONDemo 

class Program 

staticvoid Main(string[] args) 

JavaScriptSerializerDemo(); 
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo(); 
JsonConvertDemo(); 
JsonConvertLinqDemo(); 
ConsoleReadLine(); 

publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityHighest, Salary =500000 }; 
//JavaScriptSerializer类在SystemWebExtensionsdll中,注意添加这个引用 
JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
//JSON序列化 
string result=serializerSerialize(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//JSON反序列化 
user = serializerDeserialize<User>(result); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 

publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityAboveNormal, Salary =50000 }; 
string result =stringEmpty; 
//DataContractJsonSerializer类在SystemServiceModelWebdll中,注意添加这个引用 
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); 
using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream()) 

//JSON序列化 
serializerWriteObject(stream, user); 
result = EncodingUTFGetString(streamToArray()); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 

//JSON反序列化 
byte[] buffer = EncodingUTFGetBytes(result); 
using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer)) 

user = serializerReadObject(stream) as User; 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 


publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityBelowNormal, Salary =5000 }; 
//JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 
//JSON序列化 
string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//JSON反序列化 
user = JsonConvertDeserializeObject<User>(result); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); 

publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo() 

User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-32), Priority = PriorityLowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcnblog51ctocom", "//www.zzvips.com" } }; 
//JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 
//JSON序列化 
string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); 
ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); 
//使用Linq to JSON 
JObject jobject = JObjectParse(result); 
JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; 
List<string> urlList =new List<string>(); 
foreach (JToken t in token) 

urlListAdd(tToString()); 

ConsoleWrite("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); 
for (int i =0; i < urlListCount -1;i++ ) 

ConsoleWrite(urlList[i] +","); 

ConsoleWriteLine(urlList[urlListCount -1] +"]"); 


[DataContract] 
publicclass User 

///<summary> 
/// 编号 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
publicint UserId { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 用户名 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
publicstring UserName { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 创建时间 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] 
public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 生日 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] 
public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 相关URL 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
public List<string> Urls { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 薪水 
///</summary> 
[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 
[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 
[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 
publicint Salary { get; set; } 
///<summary> 
/// 权利级别 
///</summary> 
[DataMember] 
public Priority Priority { get; set; } 
public User() 

Urls =new List<string>(); 


///<summary> 
/// 权利级别 
///</summary> 
publicenum Priority:byte 

Lowest=0x1, 
BelowNormal=0x2, 
Normal=0x4, 
AboveNormal=0x8, 
Highest=0x16 


程序的运行结果如下: 
1.使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521211984)\/","Birthday":"\/Date(-277630788015)\/","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127 
2.使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest 
3.使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{"Birthday":"\/Date(-277630787953+0800)\/","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521212046+0800)\/","Priority":8,"Urls":[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136 
4.使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal 
5.使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132 
6.使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal 
7.使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://office.jb51.net","//www.zzvips.com/web"],"Priority":1},长度:198 
8.使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://office.jb51.net",//www.zzvips.com/web] 

总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。

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