最近公司新购了一台戴尔R720的服务器，昨天u盘安装ubuntu系统后，首先要做的就是把另外两个raid设备挂载到服务器。现在在虚拟机中用root用户操作，挂载的具体步骤如下。
1、测试硬盘是否已连接
首先先查看硬盘信息。sda是虚拟的第一块硬盘，sdb是第二块硬盘，以此类推。
root@zhang:~# ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sda5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 2013-08-13 08:33 /dev/sdb #此命令测试linux系统是否能找到挂载的未分区硬盘 root@zhang:~# hdparm -I /dev/sdb #这个是未挂载之前的硬盘信息 root@zhang:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000cf88c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 994 7977984 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 994 1045 407553 5 Extended /dev/sda5 994 1045 407552 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn\'t contain a valid partition table
2、创建硬盘分区
root@zhang:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcbd0c60e.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won\'t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It\'s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command \'c\') and change display units to
sectors (command \'u\').
# 输入m，查看帮助信息 Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag 将分区设置为启动区
b edit bsd disklabel 编辑bsd的disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag 设置该分区为dos分区
d delete a partition 删除分区
l list known partition types 列出已知的分区类型
m print this menu 打印帮助列表
n add a new partition 创建新分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table查看分区信息
q quit without saving changes 退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition\'s system id改变分区类型
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
#查看sdb这块硬盘的分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbd0c60e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
#创建sdb这块硬盘的分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, cylinders or size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044):
Using default value 1044
#查看创建sdb硬盘的分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbd0c60e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898 83 Linux
#保存退出，分区创建结束。
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
#再用fdisk -l查看硬盘信息就可以看到sdb1新分区了
root@zhang:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cf88c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 994 7977984 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 994 1045 407553 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 994 1045 407552 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcbd0c60e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898 83 Linux
3、格式化硬盘
root@zhang:~# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 524288 inodes, 2096474 blocks 104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648 64 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
4、给新建的sdb1设置卷标命名，创建挂载点。
root@zhang:~# e2label /dev/sdb1 /data root@zhang:~# mkdir /data
5、设置开机自动挂载
在上面一个步骤中，我已经把sdb1这个分区重新命名，当然也可以在设置自动挂载的时候用UUID。
root@zhang:~# ls -l /dev/disk/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 280 2013-08-13 08:47 by-id drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2013-08-13 08:52 by-label drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 180 2013-08-13 08:47 by-path drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 2013-08-13 08:51 by-uuid #查看设置的卷标名称，这里有上一步中命名的分区/data root@zhang:~# ls -l /dev/disk/by-label/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-08-13 08:52 \\x2fdata -> ../../sdb1 #查看各个分区的uuid号 root@zhang:~# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-08-13 08:33 b6dbd10c-7995-4b3d-abf0-2da1622298da -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-08-13 08:33 d0d8b0bf-dc99-4d38-937d-f34d88072ce9 -> ../../sda5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2013-08-13 08:52 f90991b0-1082-45d8-b00d-87dceb81115e -> ../../sdb1 #设置开机自动挂载分区sdb1 root@zhang:~# vi /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use \'blkid -o value -s UUID\' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=b6dbd10c-7995-4b3d-abf0-2da1622298da / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=d0d8b0bf-dc99-4d38-937d-f34d88072ce9 none swap sw 0 0 LABEL=/data /data ext4 defaults 0 2 #或者用UUID，效果都是一样的。 #UUID=f90991b0-1082-45d8-b00d-87dceb81115e /data ext4 defaults 0 2
6、重新启动查看挂载结果
root@zhang:~# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 7.5G 1.5G 5.7G 20% / none 243M 216K 243M 1% /dev none 247M 0 247M 0% /dev/shm none 247M 56K 247M 1% /var/run none 247M 0 247M 0% /var/lock none 247M 0 247M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sdb1 7.9G 146M 7.4G 2% /data #挂载成功
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