在平时的工作中，估计大多数都做过轮询调度的任务，比如定时轮询数据库同步，定时邮件通知等等。大家通过windows计划任务，windows服务等都实现过此类任务，甚至实现过自己的配置定制化的框架。那今天就来介绍个开源的调度框架Quartz.Net（主要介绍配置的实现，因为有朋友问过此类问题）。调度的实现代码很简单，在源码中有大量Demo，这里就略过了。
Quartz.Net当前最新版本Quartz.NET 2.0 beta 1 Released
一、基于文件配置
先看一下简单的实现代码
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using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading;using Quartz;using Quartz.Impl;using Common.Logging;namespace Demo{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // First we must get a reference to a scheduler ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(); IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler(); sched.Start(); sched.Shutdown(true); } }} |
代码很简单，配置文件中的quartz基础配置，以及job,trigger信息是如何加载的？这个过程是发生 IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler();过程，主要体现在源码这一段
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public void Initialize() { // short-circuit if already initialized if (cfg != null) { return; } if (initException != null) { throw initException; } NameValueCollection props = (NameValueCollection) ConfigurationManager.GetSection("quartz"); string requestedFile = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(PropertiesFile); string propFileName = requestedFile != null && requestedFile.Trim().Length > 0 ? requestedFile : "~/quartz.config"; // check for specials propFileName = FileUtil.ResolveFile(propFileName); if (props == null && File.Exists(propFileName)) { // file system try { PropertiesParser pp = PropertiesParser.ReadFromFileResource(propFileName); props = pp.UnderlyingProperties; Log.Info(string.Format("Quartz.NET properties loaded from configuration file '{0}'", propFileName)); } catch (Exception ex) { Log.Error("Could not load properties for Quartz from file {0}: {1}".FormatInvariant(propFileName, ex.Message), ex); } } if (props == null) { // read from assembly try { PropertiesParser pp = PropertiesParser.ReadFromEmbeddedAssemblyResource("Quartz.quartz.config"); props = pp.UnderlyingProperties; Log.Info("Default Quartz.NET properties loaded from embedded resource file"); } catch (Exception ex) { Log.Error("Could not load default properties for Quartz from Quartz assembly: {0}".FormatInvariant(ex.Message), ex); } } if (props == null) { throw new SchedulerConfigException( @"Could not find <quartz> configuration section from your application config or load default configuration from assembly.Please add configuration to your application config file to correctly initialize Quartz."); } Initialize(OverrideWithSysProps(props)); } |
通过上面代码分析，初始化首先会检查系统config中是否有<quartz> configuration section节点 （config指的app.config,web.config)，如果系统config有quartz节点，则直接加载此处的配置信息。如果系统config没有quartz的基础配置信息，则会继续查找是否有quartz.config/Quartz.quartz.config 这两个配置文件的存在，如果有则加载配置信息，如果没有则扔出初始化配置异常。
而jobs.xml（调度的任务和触发器plugin节点配置文件）
app.config/web.config 中plugin配置
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<quartz> <add key="quartz.scheduler.instanceName" value="ExampleDefaultQuartzScheduler"/> <add key="quartz.threadPool.type" value="Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz"/> <add key="quartz.threadPool.threadCount" value="10"/> <add key="quartz.threadPool.threadPriority" value="2"/> <add key="quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold" value="60000"/> <add key="quartz.jobStore.type" value="Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore, Quartz"/><!--******************************Plugin配置********************************************* --><add key="quartz.plugin.xml.type" value="Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz" /><add key="quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames" value="quartz_jobs.xml"/> </quartz> |
quartz.config 中plugin配置指向（quartz.plugin.xml.type / quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames）
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# You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section# or in quartz properties file# Configuration section has precedencequartz.scheduler.instanceName = ServerScheduler# configure thread pool infoquartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartzquartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal#--------------------------------*************plugin配置------------------------------------# job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are usedquartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartzquartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml# export this server to remoting contextquartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartzquartz.scheduler.exporter.port = 555quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzSchedulerquartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcpquartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz |
二、基于代码的方式
这种情况直接通过代码实现的，官方DEMO很多都是如此，我们举个例子
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using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text; using Quartz;using Quartz.Impl;using System.Threading;using Common.Logging;namespace Demo{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Demo.HelloJob)); log.Info("------- Initializing ----------------------"); // First we must get a reference to a scheduler ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(); IScheduler sched = sf.GetScheduler(); log.Info("------- Initialization Complete -----------"); //---------------------------------------代码添加job和trigger // computer a time that is on the next round minute DateTimeOffset runTime = DateBuilder.EvenMinuteDate(DateTimeOffset.UtcNow); log.Info("------- Scheduling Job -------------------"); // define the job and tie it to our HelloJob class IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<HelloJob>() .WithIdentity("job1", "group1") .Build(); // Trigger the job to run on the next round minute ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create() .WithIdentity("trigger1", "group1") .StartAt(runTime) .Build(); // Tell quartz to schedule the job using our trigger sched.ScheduleJob(job, trigger); log.Info(string.Format("{0} will run at: {1}", job.Key, runTime.ToString("r"))); // Start up the scheduler (nothing can actually run until the // scheduler has been started) sched.Start(); log.Info("------- Started Scheduler -----------------"); // wait long enough so that the scheduler as an opportunity to // run the job! log.Info("------- Waiting 65 seconds... -------------"); // wait 65 seconds to show jobs Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(65)); // shut down the scheduler log.Info("------- Shutting Down ---------------------"); sched.Shutdown(true); log.Info("------- Shutdown Complete -----------------"); } }} |
其实代码方式已经实现了和配置文件混搭的方式了。但是这种对方式是通过配置关联加载job与trigger配置，我们还有第三种方式，自己加载job与trigger配置文件。
三、手动加载配置文件
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using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text; using Quartz;using Quartz.Xml;using Quartz.Impl;using Quartz.Simpl;using System.Threading;using Common.Logging;using System.IO;namespace Demo{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { XMLSchedulingDataProcessor processor = new XMLSchedulingDataProcessor(new SimpleTypeLoadHelper()); ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(); IScheduler scheduler = sf.GetScheduler(); Stream s = new StreamReader("~/quartz.xml").BaseStream; processor.ProcessStream(s, null); processor.ScheduleJobs(scheduler); scheduler.Start(); scheduler.Shutdown(); } }} |
亦或者这样
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using System.Text; using Quartz;using Quartz.Xml;using Quartz.Impl;using Quartz.Simpl;using System.Threading;using Common.Logging;using System.IO;namespace Demo{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { XMLSchedulingDataProcessor processor = new XMLSchedulingDataProcessor(new SimpleTypeLoadHelper()); ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(); IScheduler scheduler = sf.GetScheduler(); processor.ProcessFileAndScheduleJobs("~/quartz.xml",scheduler); scheduler.Start(); scheduler.Shutdown(); } }} |
目前根据源码分析大致就这几种配置方式，很灵活可以任意组合。 关于quartz的使用源码很详细，并且园子量有大量的学习文章。
记住quartz的配置读取方式首先app.config/web.config ---->quartz.config/Quartz.quartz.config ---->quartz_jobs.xml .
通过代码方式我们可以改变quartz_jobs.xml 的指向即自己新命名的xml文件
（默认的quartz_jobs.xml是在XMLSchedulingDataProcessor.QuartzXmlFileName = "quartz_jobs.xml"被指定的）
方式一，通过quartz节点/quartz.config指向指定的jobs.xml。
方式二，通过XMLSchedulingDataProcessor 加载指定的jobs.xml
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
