说明
1、程序可以通过创建一个新的异常类来命名它们自己的异常。异常应该是典型的继承自Exception类,直接或间接的方式。
2、异常python有一个大基类,继承了Exception。因此,我们的定制类也必须继承Exception。
实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
class ShortInputException(Exception): def __init__( self , length, atleast): self .length = length self .atleast = atleast def main(): try : s = input ( '请输入 --> ' ) if len (s) < 3 : # raise引发一个你定义的异常 raise ShortInputException( len (s), 3 ) except ShortInputException as result: #x这个变量被绑定到了错误的实例 print ( 'ShortInputException: 输入的长度是 %d,长度至少应是 %d' % (result.length, result.atleast)) else : print ( '没有异常发生' ) main() |
知识点扩展:
自定义异常类型
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
#1.用户自定义异常类型,只要该类继承了Exception类即可,至于类的主题内容用户自定义,可参考官方异常类 class TooLongExceptin(Exception): "this is user's Exception for check the length of name " def __init__( self ,leng): self .leng = leng def __str__( self ): print ( "姓名长度是" + str ( self .leng) + ",超过长度了" ) |
捕捉用户手动抛出的异常
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
|
#1.捕捉用户手动抛出的异常,跟捕捉系统异常方式一样 def name_Test(): try : name = input ( "enter your naem:" ) if len (name)> 4 : raise TooLongExceptin( len (name)) else : print (name) except TooLongExceptin,e_result: #这里异常类型是用户自定义的 print ( "捕捉到异常了" ) print ( "打印异常信息:" ,e_result) #调用函数,执行 name_Test() = = = = = = = = = = 执行结果如下: = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = enter your naem:aaafsdf 捕捉到异常了 Traceback (most recent call last): 打印异常信息: 姓名长度是 7 ,超过长度了 姓名长度是 7 ,超过长度了 File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py" , line 16 , in name_Test raise TooLongExceptin( len (name)) __main__.TooLongExceptin: <exception str () failed> During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py" , line 26 , in <module> name_Test() File "D:/pythoyworkspace/file_demo/Class_Demo/extion_demo.py" , line 22 , in name_Test print ( "打印异常信息:" ,e_result) TypeError: __str__ returned non - string ( type NoneType) |
以上就是python用户自定义异常的实例讲解的详细内容,更多关于python用户如何自定义异常的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!
原文链接:https://www.py.cn/jishu/jichu/31895.html