一、创键项目
1.创建目录 koa2
2.npm init 创建 package.json,然后执行 npm install
3.通过 npm install koa 安装 koa 模块
4.通过 npm install supervisor 安装supervisor模块, 用于node热启动
5.在根目录下中新建 index.js 文件,作为入口文件, 内容如下:
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const Koa = require( 'koa' ); // Koa 为一个class const app = new Koa(); app.use(async (ctx, next) => { await next(); ctx.response.body = 'Hello, koa2!' ; }); app.listen(9527, () => { console.log( 'This server is running at http://localhost:' + 9527) }) |
6.配置package
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{ "name" : "koa" , "version" : "1.0.0" , "description" : "" , "main" : "koa.js" , "scripts" : { "serve" : "supervisor koa.js" }, "author" : "" , "license" : "ISC" , "dependencies" : { "koa" : "^2.7.0" , "supervisor" : "^0.12.0" } } |
7 . 启动
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npm run serve |
二、路由配置
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cnpm i koa-router const router = new Router(); // 实例化路由 router.get( '/' , async (ctx, next) => { ctx.response.body = '<h5>好家伙</h5>' ; }); app.use(router.routes()); |
路由参数
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//请求地址 www.*****/sss?from=1 router.get( '/hello/:name' , async (ctx, next) => { var name = ctx.params.name; // 获取请求参数 sss var from = ctx.query.from; // 1 ctx.response.body = `<h5>好家伙, ${name}!</h5>`; }); |
三、请求
post
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const bodyParser = require( 'koa-bodyparser' ); app.use(bodyParser()); router.post( '/login' , async (ctx, next) => { let name = ctx.request.body.name; let password = ctx.request.body.password; console.log(name, password); ctx.response.body = `<h4>好家伙, ${name}!</h4>`; }); |
get
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router.get( '/' , async (ctx, next) => { ctx.response.body = '<h4>好家伙</h4>' }); |
四、html模板
1、好处
使用html模板,将html从js中分离出去,有助于项目开发和管理。而且,html模板在koa2中,必须通过中间件来实现。
2、koa-views + nunjucks实现html模板
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nunjucks.configure(resolve(__dirname, 'views' ), { autoescape: true }); app.use(views(__dirname + '/views' , { map: { html: 'nunjucks' } })); |
五、操作静态资源
1、静态资源在开发中的地位
静态资源环境在服务端是十分常用的一种服务,在后台开发中不仅有需要代码处理的业务逻辑请求,也会有很多的静态资源请求。比如请求js,css,jpg,png这些静态资源请求。也非常的多,有些时候还会访问静态资源路径。
2、koa-static-cache实现静态资源操作
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app.use( staticCache(resolve( "dist" ), { maxAge: 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 }) ) |
六、进阶
1、结构
入口文件(index.js)
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const Koa = require( 'koa' ) const bodyParser = require( 'koa-bodyparser' ); const staticCache = require( 'koa-static-cache' ); const views = require( 'koa-views' ) const {resolve} = require( 'path' ) const R = require( 'ramda' ) const MIDDLEWARES = [ 'router' ] //中间件配置文件 const nunjucks = require( 'nunjucks' ) const logsUtil = require( '../utils/logs.js' ); //中间件导入 路由导入 const useMiddlewares = (app) => { R.map( R.compose( R.forEachObjIndexed( initWith => initWith(app) ), require, name => resolve(__dirname, `./middlewares/${name}`) ) )(MIDDLEWARES) } ;(async () => { const app = new Koa(); // view engine setup nunjucks.configure(resolve(__dirname, 'views' ), { autoescape: true }); //views with nunjucks app.use(views(__dirname + '/views' , { map: { html: 'nunjucks' } })); app.use(bodyParser()); app.use(logsUtil.accessInfo()); //访问日志 //静态资源配置缓存 app.use( staticCache(resolve( "dist" ), { maxAge: 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 }) ) app.on( 'error' , err => { }); app.use(async (ctx,next) => { await next() if (parseInt(ctx.status) === 404){ ctx.response.redirect( "/404" ) } }); await useMiddlewares(app) //导入中间件 app.listen(9527,() => { console.log( 'Server running on port %d' , 9527); }) })() |
2、路由中间件封装
1.新建middlewares文件夹 在下面新建router.js
2.新建lib文件夹 在下面新建decorator.js
3.新建routes下面新建views.js
router.js
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const { Route } = require( '../lib/decorator' ) const { resolve } = require( 'path' ) export const router = app => { const apiPath = resolve(__dirname, '../routes' ) const router = new Route(app, apiPath); router.init() } |
decorator.js
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const Router = require( 'koa-router' ) const { resolve } = require( 'path' ) const _ = require( 'lodash' ) const glob = require( 'glob' ) const R = require( 'ramda' ) const symbolPrefix = Symbol( 'prefix' ) const routerMap = new Map() const isArray = c => _.isArray(c) ? c : [c] export class Route { constructor (app, apiPath) { this .app = app this .apiPath = apiPath this .router = new Router() } init () { glob.sync(resolve( this .apiPath, './**/*.js' )).forEach(require) for (let [conf, controller] of routerMap) { const controllers = isArray(controller) let prefixPath = conf.target[symbolPrefix] if (prefixPath) prefixPath = normalizePath(prefixPath) const routerPath = prefixPath + conf.path this .router[conf.method](routerPath, ...controllers) } this .app.use( this .router.routes()) this .app.use( this .router.allowedMethods()) } } const normalizePath = path => path.startsWith( '/' ) ? path : `/${path}` const router = conf => (target, key, descriptor) => { conf.path = normalizePath(conf.path) routerMap.set({ target: target, ...conf }, target[key]) } export const controller = path => target => (target.prototype[symbolPrefix] = path) export const get = path => router({ method: 'get' , path: path }) export const post = path => router({ method: 'post' , path: path }) export const put = path => router({ method: 'put' , path: path }) export const del = path => router({ method: 'delete' , path: path }) export const use = path => router({ method: 'use' , path: path }) export const all = path => router({ method: 'all' , path: path }) |
view.js
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const { controller, get } = require( '../lib/decorator' ) @controller( '' ) export class viewController { @get( '/' ) async home(ctx, next) { await ctx.render( 'index' , { }) } @get( '/service' ) async enter(ctx, next) { await ctx.render( 'service' , { title: '' , }) } @get( '/404' ) async pageNUll(ctx, next) { await ctx.render( '404' , { title: ' ' , }) } } |
3、日志文件
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cnpm i koa-log4 config/logs.jsvar path = require( 'path' ); //日志根目录 var baseLogPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../logs' ) /*报错输出日志*/ //错误日志目录、文件名、输出完整路径 var errorPath = "/error" ; var errorFileName = "error" ; var errorLogPath = baseLogPath + errorPath + "/" + errorFileName; /*请求数据得到响应时输出响应日志*/ //响应日志目录、文件名、输出完整路径 var responsePath = "/response" ; var responseFileName = "response" ; var responseLogPath = baseLogPath + responsePath + "/" + responseFileName; /*操作数据库进行增删改等敏感操作记录日志*/ //操作日志目录、文件名、输出完整路径 var handlePath = "/handle" ; var handleFileName = "handle" ; var handleLogPath = baseLogPath + handlePath + "/" + handleFileName; /*访问级别日志*/ var accessPath = "/access" var accessFileName = "access" ; var accessLogPath = baseLogPath + accessPath + "/" + accessFileName; /*访问级别日志*/ var reqPath = "/req" var reqFileName = "req" ; var reqLogPath = baseLogPath + reqPath + "/" + reqFileName; module.exports = { //日志格式等设置 appenders: { "rule-console" : { "type" : "console" }, "errorLogger" : { "type" : "dateFile" , "filename" : errorLogPath, "pattern" : "-yyyy-MM-dd.log" , "alwaysIncludePattern" : true , "encoding" : "utf-8" , "path" : errorPath }, "resLogger" : { "type" : "dateFile" , "filename" : responseLogPath, "pattern" : "-yyyy-MM-dd.log" , "alwaysIncludePattern" : true , "encoding" : "utf-8" , // "maxLogSize": 204800, // "numBackups": 3, "path" : responsePath }, "handleLogger" : { "type" : "dateFile" , "filename" : handleLogPath, //生成文件路径和文件名 "pattern" : "-yyyy-MM-dd.log" , "alwaysIncludePattern" : true , "encoding" : "utf-8" , // "maxLogSize": 204800, // "numBackups": 3, "path" : handlePath }, "accessLogger" : { "type" : "dateFile" , "filename" : accessLogPath, "pattern" : "-yyyy-MM-dd.log" , "alwaysIncludePattern" : true , "encoding" : "utf-8" , // "maxLogSize": 204800, // "numBackups": 3, "path" : accessPath }, "reqLogger" : { "type" : "dateFile" , "filename" : reqLogPath, "pattern" : "-yyyy-MM-dd.log" , "alwaysIncludePattern" : true , "encoding" : "utf-8" , // "maxLogSize": 204800, // "numBackups": 3, "path" : reqPath }, }, //供外部调用的名称和对应设置定义 categories: { "default" : { "appenders" : [ "rule-console" ], "level" : "all" }, "resLogger" : { "appenders" : [ "resLogger" ], "level" : "info" }, "errorLogger" : { "appenders" : [ "errorLogger" ], "level" : "error" }, "handleLogger" : { "appenders" : [ "handleLogger" ], "level" : "all" }, "accessLogger" : { "appenders" : [ "accessLogger" ], "level" : "all" }, "reqLogger" : { "appenders" : [ "reqLogger" ], "level" : "error" } }, "baseLogPath" : baseLogPath } |
log.js
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var log4js = require( 'koa-log4' ); var logsConfig = require( '../config/logs.js' ); //加载配置文件 log4js.configure(logsConfig); //调用预先定义的日志名称 var resLogger = log4js.getLogger( "resLogger" ); var errorLogger = log4js.getLogger( "errorLogger" ); var handleLogger = log4js.getLogger( "handleLogger" ); var reqLogger = log4js.getLogger( "reqLogger" ); var consoleLogger = log4js.getLogger(); exports.accessInfo = () => log4js.koaLogger(log4js.getLogger( 'accessLogger' )); //访问日志 exports.logInfo = (data) => {consoleLogger.info(data)} ............. ............. |
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