创建文件或文件夹
您可通过编程方式在您的计算机上创建文件夹、子文件夹和子文件夹中的文件，并将数据写入文件。
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public class CreateFileOrFolder{ static void Main() { string folderName = @"c:\Top-Level Folder"; string pathString = System.IO.Path.Combine(folderName, "SubFolder"); string pathString2 = @"c:\Top-Level Folder\SubFolder2"; System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(pathString); string fileName = System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName(); pathString = System.IO.Path.Combine(pathString, fileName); Console.WriteLine("Path to my file: {0}\n", pathString); if (!System.IO.File.Exists(pathString)) { using (System.IO.FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create(pathString)) { for (byte i = 0; i < 100; i++) { fs.WriteByte(i); } } } else { Console.WriteLine("File \"{0}\" already exists.", fileName); return; } try { byte[] readBuffer = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(pathString); foreach (byte b in readBuffer) { Console.Write(b + " "); } Console.WriteLine(); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); System.Console.ReadKey(); }} |
输出：
Path to my file: c:\Top-Level Folder\SubFolder\ttxvauxe.vv0
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如果该文件夹已存在，则 CreateDirectory 不执行任何操作，且不会引发异常。但是，File.Create 用新的文件替换现有文件。该示例使用一个 if-else 语句阻止现有文件被替换。
通过在示例中做出以下更改，您可以根据具有某个名称的程序是否存在来指定不同的结果。如果该文件不存在，代码将创建一个文件。如果该文件存在，代码将把数据添加到该文件中。
指定一个非随机文件名。
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// Comment out the following line.//string fileName = System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName();// Replace that line with the following assignment.string fileName = "MyNewFile.txt"; |
用以下代码中的 using 语句替换 if-else 语句。
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using (System.IO.FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(pathString, FileMode.Append)) { for (byte i = 0; i < 100; i++) { fs.WriteByte(i); }} |
运行该示例若干次以验证数据是否每次都添加到文件中。
复制、删除和移动文件和文件夹
以下示例说明如何使用 System.IO 命名空间中的 System.IO.File、System.IO.Directory、System.IO.FileInfo 和 System.IO.DirectoryInfo 类以同步方式复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。 这些示例没有提供进度栏或其他任何用户界面。
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示例
下面的示例演示如何复制文件和目录。
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public class SimpleFileCopy{ static void Main() { string fileName = "test.txt"; string sourcePath = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder"; string targetPath = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir"; // Use Path class to manipulate file and directory paths. string sourceFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(sourcePath, fileName); string destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName); // To copy a folder's contents to a new location: // Create a new target folder, if necessary. if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetPath)) { System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath); } // To copy a file to another location and // overwrite the destination file if it already exists. System.IO.File.Copy(sourceFile, destFile, true); // To copy all the files in one directory to another directory. // Get the files in the source folder. (To recursively iterate through // all subfolders under the current directory, see // "How to: Iterate Through a Directory Tree.") // Note: Check for target path was performed previously // in this code example. if (System.IO.Directory.Exists(sourcePath)) { string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(sourcePath); // Copy the files and overwrite destination files if they already exist. foreach (string s in files) { // Use static Path methods to extract only the file name from the path. fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(s); destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName); System.IO.File.Copy(s, destFile, true); } } else { Console.WriteLine("Source path does not exist!"); } // Keep console window open in debug mode. Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); Console.ReadKey(); }} |
下面的示例演示如何移动文件和目录。
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public class SimpleFileMove{ static void Main() { string sourceFile = @"C:\Users\Public\public\test.txt"; string destinationFile = @"C:\Users\Public\private\test.txt"; // To move a file or folder to a new location: System.IO.File.Move(sourceFile, destinationFile); // To move an entire directory. To programmatically modify or combine // path strings, use the System.IO.Path class. System.IO.Directory.Move(@"C:\Users\Public\public\test\", @"C:\Users\Public\private"); }} |
下面的示例演示如何删除文件和目录。
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public class SimpleFileDelete{ static void Main() { // Delete a file by using File class static method... if(System.IO.File.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt")) { // Use a try block to catch IOExceptions, to // handle the case of the file already being // opened by another process. try { System.IO.File.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt"); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); return; } } // ...or by using FileInfo instance method. System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt"); try { fi.Delete(); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } // Delete a directory. Must be writable or empty. try { System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest"); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } // Delete a directory and all subdirectories with Directory static method... if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest")) { try { System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest", true); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } // ...or with DirectoryInfo instance method. System.IO.DirectoryInfo di = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\public"); // Delete this dir and all subdirs. try { di.Delete(true); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } }} |
